Question

Explain any three factors which affect the mechanism of monsoon ?

Answer 1

To understand the mechanism of the monsoons, the following facts are important.
The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates low pressure on the landmass of India while the seas around experience comparatively high pressure.
The shift of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer, over the Ganga plain (this is the equatorial trough normally positioned about 5°N of the equator – also known as the monsoon trough during the monsoon season).
The presence of the high-pressure area, east of Madagascar, approximately at 20°S over the Indian Ocean. The intensity and position of this high-pressure area affects the Indian Monsoon.
The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which results in strong vertical air currents and the formation of high pressure over the plateau at about 9 km above sea level.
The movement of the westerly jet stream to the north of the Himalayas and the presence of the tropical easterly jet stream over the Indian peninsula during summer.

Answer 2

The phenomenon of monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal of winds. The offshore winds that blow from north-east direction are reversed into onshore south western winds. This phenomenon is based upon differential heating of land and ocean bodies. During summer in the Indian subcontinent, the large landmass gets heated up more rapidly than the neighbouring seas. As a result, the air above land expands and rises up. The moisture laden winds arrive on the western coast of India from the south western side and cause heavy rainfall on the windward side of the Western Ghats. The leeward side, however, receives little rain. Further rain occurs in the northern plains and north-east parts of India with the branching of the monsoon. The monsoon is also aided by the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone or monsoon trough near the equator where winds from northern and southern hemisphere merge. The landmass of the Indian subcontinent cools up around September with the sun retreating south. The ocean bodies, which lose heat slowly, retain the summer heat. The cooler high pressure air moves towards the low pressure over the ocean and causes the retreating north-east monsoon. It mainly causes rainfall along the eastern coast of India




ANOTHER ANSWER IS

the mechanism of the
monsoons, the following facts are important.
(a) The differential heating and cooling of
land and water creates low pressure on the
landmass of India while the seas around
experience comparatively high pressure.
(b) The shift of the position of Inter Tropical
Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer, over
the Ganga plain (this is the equatorial trough
normally positioned about 5°N of the
equator. It is also known as the monsoon-
trough during the monsoon season).
(c) The presence of the high-pressure area,
east of Madagascar, approximately at
20°S over the Indian Ocean. The intensity
and position of this high-pressure area
affects the Indian Monsoon.
(d) The Tibetan plateau gets intensely
heated during summer, which results in
strong vertical air currents and the
formation of low pressure over the plateau
at about 9 km above sea level.
(e) The movement of the westerly jet stream
to the north of the Himalayas and the
presence of the tropical easterly jet
stream over the Indian peninsula during
summer.