Explain briefly the factor which led to the enclosure in England
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Answer:
The factors that led to the enclosure movement in England were the increase in prices of wool in the international market and the increased demand for foodgrains in England.
(i) Increase in Prices of Wool In the 16th century, the price of wool in the international market went up so the rich farmers wanted to expand wool production to earn higher profits. They were eager to improve their sheep breeds and keen on controlling large areas of land in compact blocks to allow improved breeding so they started building hedges around their holdings to separate their property from that of others.
(ii) Increased Demand for Grain From the mid 18th century, the population of England expanded rapidly; more people were living in the cities and working in the factories. As urban population grew, demand for foodgrains increased and foodgrain prices rose. Because of the war with France, trade was disrupted and import of grain from Europe declined, increasing prices of foodgrains in England. This encouraged landowners to enclose land and enlarge areas under grain cultivation, leading to the second enclosure movement.
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The factors which led to the enclosure in
England are given below:
a) The price of wool raised up in
international markets in the 16 century. As a result the farmers of England
wanted to expand wool production and earn profits.For this they were eager
to improve their sheep breeds.Therefore they divided and
enclosed common lands by building hedges around their fields.
b) The English population increased
at a fast rate from 7 million in 1750 to 21 million in 1850 to 30 million in
1910. This increase population means more demand for food grains and other
products. Due to increasing population the pressure on land also increased and
the people had no other option except to
enclose open fields.
c) During this period
industrialisation was taking place at a rapid speed. There was a large scale
Migration of people from rural areas to town in search of jobs. As the Urban
population grew the market for food grains expanded and the price of foodgrains
rose. Therefore the peasants were encouraged to grow more grains and agricultural
land were enclosed to increase production.
d) France was at war with England
during the end of the 18th century. This slowed down the import of food grains
in England. This lead to soaring up of prices of food grains in England . Thus the land owners were encouraged to
enclose land and enlarge the area under cultivation of grains.
e) As a demand for food give the
increasing at a very fast rate the rich people started using machines. These
machine needed large farms. So the rich landlords started enclosing more and
open fields.
f) Enclosures were also seen as to
make long term investments on land and plan crop rotation to improve the soil .==========================================================
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