Explain..
Class 10
Biology
Answers
ANSWER
✨DOUBLE CIRCULATION
The heart is the key organ for blood circulation and the double circulation is an efficient way of circulation as it provides an effective way of circulation. The main difference is that the blood follows two routes – one for oxygenated blood and the other for deoxygenated blood. Hence, the name “double circulation.” The majority of mammals, including humans utilize a double circulatory system.
✨PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Pulmonary circulation is movement of blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart
✨SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Systemic circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which transports oxygenated blood away from the heart through the aorta from the left ventricle where the blood has been previously deposited from pulmonary circulation, to the rest of the body, and returns de-oxygenated blood back to the heart.
✨STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HUMAN HEART
The human heart is about the size of a human fist and is divided into four chambers, namely two ventricles and two atria. The ventricles are the chambers that pump blood and atrium are the chambers that receive blood. Among which both right atrium and ventricle make up the “right heart,” and the left atrium and ventricle make up the “left heart.” The structure of the heart also houses the biggest artery in the body – the aorta
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Heart is the vital organ of the human body. Heart plays a major role in our body. The heart is responsible for major functions and transportation in our body.
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The heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body. The human circulatory system is responsible for the transport of materials inside the human body. The organs of the circulatory system are the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.
✨FUNCTION OF BLOOD
There are four functions of blood which are given below:
1. Blood helps in absorption of digested part of the food and transports it to all cells of the body.
2. It helps in transportation of oxygen from lungs to cells and transportation of carbon dioxide produced by cells to lungs.
3. It plays a major role in transportation of excreta such as uric acid, urea etc. to the kidney.
4. It helps to protect us from various diseases like monocytes and neutrophils engulf the harmful bacteria and other disease causing organisms.
Hence, blood helps our body in many ways and it is an important part of our body.
✨COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
Blood is fluid in the body. It has four components-plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. It has the function of transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. The blood flows through veins, arteries and capillaries.
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Answer:
DOUBLE CIRCULATION -
• A mechanism in which blood circulates twice through the heart in one complete cycle is known as double circulation.
• Systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation are two pathways in which the blood flows in double circulation.
• Double circulation is present in birds and mammals.
PULMONARY CIRCULATION -
• Pulmonary circulation is present between the heart and the lungs.
• The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery, while the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta.
• The deoxygenated blood pumped into the pulmonary artery is delivered to the lungs, where it is replaced by oxygenated blood carried into the left atrium via the pulmonary veins.
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION -
• Systemic circulation is present between the heart and body tissues.
• The oxygenated blood flows from the left ventricle to all body parts.
• The deoxygenated blood returns from the tissue to the right atrium.
• The systemic circulation delivers nutrition, oxygen, and other vital elements to tissues while also transporting CO2 and other toxic substances for removal.
STRUCTURE OF HEART -
The human heart is about the size of a human fist and is divided into four chambers, namely two ventricles and two atria.
The ventricles are the chambers that pump blood and the atrium are the chambers that receive blood. Among these both the right atrium and ventricle make up the “right heart,” and the left atrium and ventricle make up the “left heart.”
The structure of the heart also houses the biggest artery in the body – the aorta.
The right and the left region of the heart are separated by a wall of muscle called the septum.
The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs for re-oxygenation through the pulmonary arteries.
The right semilunar valves close and prevent the blood from flowing back into the heart. Then, the oxygenated blood is received by the left atrium from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
> The diagram of human heart is attached in the attachment.
FUNCTION OF HEART -
The function of the heart in any organism is to maintain a constant flow of blood throughout the body. This replenishes oxygen and circulates nutrients among the cells and tissues.
Following are the main functions of the heart:
• One of the primary functions of the human heart is to pump blood throughout the body.
• Blood delivers oxygen, hormones, glucose and other components to various parts of the body, including the human heart.
• The heart also ensures that adequate blood pressure is maintained in the body
FUNCTION OF BLOOD -
• It supplies oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and rest of the body.
• It supplies essential nutrients to cells such as Amino acid, Fatty acid, Glucose etc.
• It transports waste products to be removed by kidney.
• It transports hormones.
• It has role in inflammation. Eg. leucocytes destroys microorganisms, Platelets initiates blood clotting etc.
• It regulates our body temperature.
• It regulates pH by interacting acid and bases.
COMPONENTS OF BLOOD -
• Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Red blood cells consist of Haemoglobin, a protein. They are produced by the bone marrow to primarily carry oxygen to the body and carbon dioxide away from it.
• White Blood Cells (WBC)
White blood cells are responsible for fighting foreign pathogens (such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that enter our body. They circulate throughout our body and originate from the bone marrow.
• Platelets
Tiny disc-shaped cells that help regulate blood flow when any part of the body is damaged, thereby aiding in fast recovery through clotting of blood.
• Plasma
The liquid state of blood can be contributed to plasma as it makes up 55% of blood. It is pale yellow in colour and when separated. Blood plasma consists of salts, nutrients, water and enzymes. Blood plasma also contains important proteins and other components necessary for overall health. Hence, blood plasma transfusions are given to patients with liver failure and life-threatening injuries.
