explain corrosion and write any four ways by which we can prevent this condition
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Corrosion is a deterioration of a material caused by environmental interactions. It is a natural phenomenon, requiring three conditions: moisture, a metallic surface, and an oxidizing agent known as an electron acceptor. The process of corrosion converts the reactive metal surface into a more stable form, namely its oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide. A common form of corrosion is rust.
1-Metal Type
One simple way to prevent corrosion is to use a corrosion resistant metal such as aluminum or stainless steel. Depending on the application, these metals can be used to reduce the need for additional corrosion protection.
2-Protective Coatings
☆The application of a paint coating is a cost-effective way of preventing corrosion. Paint coatings act as a barrier to prevent the transfer of electrochemical charge from the corrosive solution to the metal underneath.
☆Another possibility is applying a powder coating.In this process, a dry powder is applied to the clean metal surface. The metal is then heated which fuses the powder into a smooth unbroken film. A number of different powder compositions can be used, including acrylic, polyester, epoxy, nylon, and urethane.
3-Environmental Measures
Corrosion is caused by a chemical reaction between the metal and gases in the surrounding environment. By taking measures to control the environment, these unwanted reactions can be minimized. This can be as simple as reducing exposure to rain or seawater, or more complex measures, such as controlling the amounts of sulfur, chlorine, or oxygen in the surrounding environment. An example of this would be would be treating the water in water boilers with softeners to adjust hardness, alkalinity, or oxygen content.
4-Sacrificial Coatings
Sacrificial coating involves coating the metal with an additional metal type that is more likely to oxidize; hence the term “sacrificial coating.”
There are two main techniques for achieving sacrificial coating: cathodic protection and anodic protection.
☆Cathodic Protection
The most common example of cathodic protection is the coating of iron alloy steel with zinc, a process known as galvanizing. Zinc is a more active metal than steel, and when it starts to corrode it oxides which inhibits the corrosion of the steel. This method is known as cathodic protection because it works by making the steel the cathode of an electrochemical cell. Cathodic protection is used for steel pipelines carrying water or fuel, water heater tanks, ship hulls, and offshore oil platforms.
☆Anodic Protection
Anodic protection involves coating the iron alloy steel with a less active metal, such as tin. Tin will not corrode, so the steel will be protected as long as the tin coating is in place. This method is known as anodic protection because it makes the steel the anode of an electrochemical cell.
Anodic protection is often applied to carbon steel storage tanks used to store sulfuric acid and 50% caustic soda. In these environments cathodic protection is not suitable due to extremely high current requirements.
1-Metal Type
One simple way to prevent corrosion is to use a corrosion resistant metal such as aluminum or stainless steel. Depending on the application, these metals can be used to reduce the need for additional corrosion protection.
2-Protective Coatings
☆The application of a paint coating is a cost-effective way of preventing corrosion. Paint coatings act as a barrier to prevent the transfer of electrochemical charge from the corrosive solution to the metal underneath.
☆Another possibility is applying a powder coating.In this process, a dry powder is applied to the clean metal surface. The metal is then heated which fuses the powder into a smooth unbroken film. A number of different powder compositions can be used, including acrylic, polyester, epoxy, nylon, and urethane.
3-Environmental Measures
Corrosion is caused by a chemical reaction between the metal and gases in the surrounding environment. By taking measures to control the environment, these unwanted reactions can be minimized. This can be as simple as reducing exposure to rain or seawater, or more complex measures, such as controlling the amounts of sulfur, chlorine, or oxygen in the surrounding environment. An example of this would be would be treating the water in water boilers with softeners to adjust hardness, alkalinity, or oxygen content.
4-Sacrificial Coatings
Sacrificial coating involves coating the metal with an additional metal type that is more likely to oxidize; hence the term “sacrificial coating.”
There are two main techniques for achieving sacrificial coating: cathodic protection and anodic protection.
☆Cathodic Protection
The most common example of cathodic protection is the coating of iron alloy steel with zinc, a process known as galvanizing. Zinc is a more active metal than steel, and when it starts to corrode it oxides which inhibits the corrosion of the steel. This method is known as cathodic protection because it works by making the steel the cathode of an electrochemical cell. Cathodic protection is used for steel pipelines carrying water or fuel, water heater tanks, ship hulls, and offshore oil platforms.
☆Anodic Protection
Anodic protection involves coating the iron alloy steel with a less active metal, such as tin. Tin will not corrode, so the steel will be protected as long as the tin coating is in place. This method is known as anodic protection because it makes the steel the anode of an electrochemical cell.
Anodic protection is often applied to carbon steel storage tanks used to store sulfuric acid and 50% caustic soda. In these environments cathodic protection is not suitable due to extremely high current requirements.
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The breaking down or distraction of a material , especially, a metal through chemical reaction.
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