Explain Eichler system of classification
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A system of plant taxonomy, the Eichler system was the first phylogenetic (phyletic) or evolutionary system.It was developed by August W Eichler (1839–1887), initially in his Blüthendiagramme (1875–1878) and then in successive editions of his Syllabus (1876–1890). After his death his colleague Adolf Engler (1844–1930) continued its development, and it became widely accepted.The system was based on dividing the plant kingdom into those plants with concealed reproductive organs (non-floral), the (Cryptogamae, = hidden reproduction) and those with visible reproductive organs (floral), the (Phanerogamae, = visible reproduction).Moreover, Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and the former into Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae.
Answer:
Depending upon the exchange of energy and matter with the environment, thermodynamic sys- tems are classified as open, closed or isolated. A system that can freely exchange energy and matter with its environment is called an open system. Example: water boiling in an open vessel. A system that can freely exchange energy but not.matter with its environment is called a closed system. Example : water boiling in a closed vessel. A system that cannot exchange energy as well as matter with its environment is called an isolated system. In practice it is impossible to realize an isolated system as every object at a temperature.above 0 K emits energy in the form of radiation, and.no object can ever attain 0 K. For many practical purposes, a thermos flask containing a liquid can be considered an isolated system.