explain every movement of gandhiji in long for independence of India and the situation after the independence of India kindly in long otherwise not .
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Answer:
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s contribution to India has been immense & we can’t deny the fact that it’s because of his movements that independence became easier. He didn’t believe in resorting to violent means to achieve independence; in fact, he employed various movements like civil disobedience, non-violence & civil rights which helped India escape from the clutches of the British.
Since has done a lot for our nation, he deserves the title “Father of the nation”; right from eradicating poverty to ending untouchability, he has done everything possible. 2nd of October is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti, a day that marks peace and non-violence.
Let us have a look at few of his movements that led India on the path of Independence;
1) Champaran movement
Champaran movement (1918) was Gandhiji’s biggest achievement. Basically this was a movement against British Landlords, who forced famers to grow Indigo & sell them at low or fixed prices. This was a non violent protest led by Gandhi; he managed to win this battle & provide relief to the peasantry.
2) Kheda movement
Kheda was hit by floods and due to this, farmers requested the rulers to exempt them from taxes. Once again, Gandhiji helped them by starting a campaign and boycotting talatdars & mamlatdars. He asked peasants to pledge non-payment of these taxes. Finally, in 1918, the taxes were waived off till the floods ended.
3) Dandi march
Also known as salt-march, this is an important landmark in the history of independence. During Calcutta Congress i.e. in 1928, Gandhi said that India should be granted dominion status, failing which the country would launch a revolution for total freedom. Since this went ignored, the Indian flag was unfurled in Lahore on 31st of December, 1929. On 26th January, 1930, Indian Independence day was celebrated. Then, for opposing salt-tax, Gandhiji launched a Satyagraha campaign in March 1930. He marched from Ahmedabad to Dandi i.e. approximately 388 km for making salt. He was joined by thousands of people. With this movement, he was successful in breaking the law of salt, which further left the Britishers infuriated.
4) Khilafat movement
He had a very good rapport with Muslim population and this was visible through Khilafat Movement. After World War 1, Muslims were insecure about the safety of religious leader or “Caliph” and hence, held a big protest to protect the collapsing status. Gandhi spoke at the All India Muslim Conference and extended his support to Muslims. With this movement, he got the status of National leader.
5) Non-Cooperation movement
Gandhi strongly said that British were able to survive in our country only due to Indians’ co-operation. So, in order to create a tough situation for them, he launched the non-cooperation movement. He gained the support of Congress and even people were convinced that non-cooperation would lead them towards Independence. This movement was started on the day of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
6) Quit India movement
He launched this civil disobedience movement in 1942 and this was kind of a “Do or die” situation. However, it failed badly & Britishers refused to give Independence before World War II. Situations had turned haywire and this is when British realized that it’s actually better to leave the country peacefully rather than trying hard to control it.
He was a great person and we will always be thankful to him.
Explanation:
The every movement of Gandhi ji in independence of India are explained in depth
1. World War I
Lord Chelmsford, the then Viceroy of India, invited Gandhi to Delhi at a War Conference. In order to gain the trust of the empire, Gandhi agreed to move people to enlist in the army for World War I. However, he wrote to the Viceroy and said that he "personally will not kill or injure anybody, friend or foe".
2. Champaran
The Champaran agitation in Bihar was Gandhi's first active involvement into Indian freedom politics. The Champaran farmers were being forced to grow Indigo and were being tortured if they protested.
The farmers sought Gandhi's help and through a calculated non-violent protest, Gandhi managed to win concessions from the authority.
3. Kheda
When Kheda, a village in Gujarat, was badly hit by floods, the local farmers appealed to the rulers to waive off the taxes. Here, Gandhi started a signature campaign where peasants pledged non-payment of taxes.
He also arranged a social boycott of the mamlatdars and talatdars (revenue officials). In 1918, the Government relaxed the conditions of payment of revenue tax until the famine ended.
4. Khilafat Movement
Gandhi's influence on the Muslim population was remarkable. This was evident in his involvement in the Khilafat Movement. After the first World War, the Muslims feared for the safety of their Caliph or religious leader and a worldwide protest was being organised to fight against the collapsing status of the Caliph.
Gandhi became a prominent spokesperson of the All India Muslim Conference and returned the medals he had received from the Empire during his Indian Ambulance Corps days in South Africa. His role in the Khilafat made him a national leader in no time.
5. Non-cooperation Movement
Gandhi had realised that the British had been able to be in India only because of the co-operation they received from the Indians. Keeping this in mind, he called for a non-cooperation movement.
With the Congress' support and his indomitable spirit, he convinced people that peaceful non-cooperation was the key to Independence. The ominous day of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre triggered the non-cooperation movement. Gandhi set the goal of Swaraj or self-governance, which since then became the motto of Indian freedom movement.
6. Salt March
Also known as the Dandi Movement, Gandhi's Salt March is considered to be a pivotal incident in the history of freedom struggle. At the Calcutta Congress of 1928, Gandhi declared that the British must grant India dominion status or the country will erupt into a revolution for complete independence. The British did not pay heed to this.
As a result, on December 31, 1929, the Indian flag was unfurled in Lahore and the next January 26 was celebrated as the Indian Independence Day. Then, Gandhi started a Satyagraha campaign against the salt tax in March 1930. He marched 388 kilometres from Ahmedabad to Dandi in Gujarat to make salt. Thousands of people joined him and made it one of the biggest marches in Indian history.
7. Quit India Movement
During the Second World War, Gandhi was determined to strike the British Empire with a definitive blow that would secure their exit from India. This happened when the British started recruiting Indians for the war.
Gandhi protested strongly and said that the Indians cannot be involved in a war that is in favour of democratic purposes when India itself is not a free country. This argument exposed the two-faced image of the colonisers and within half a decade, they were out of this country.