Explain flat based, hierarchical based and location based routing protocols for wsn
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Abstract: Recent advances in wireless sensor networks introduce many protocols specially designed for sensor
networks. These protocols aim to lower energy consumption. Energy efficiency has been known as the most
important problem in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with
sensing, computation and wireless communications capabilities. Wireless Sensor Networks have the limitations such
as energy source, memory size and processing power. Therefore, developing an energy efficient routing protocol is an
interested research work in this field. The usefulness/ effectiveness of any protocol depend on how well its parameters
are set for a particular application. The routing protocols in sensor networks could be classified into three categories:
flat based, hierarchical based and location based routing. In this paper we present a comparative study of
hierarchical based routing protocols that comes under the classification we highlighted for wireless sensor networks.
Keywords: Routing Protocol, Wireless Sensor Networks, flat based, hierarchical based, location based.
I. INTRODUCTION
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is usually composed of a large collections of small autonomous sensor
devices that can sense environmental conditions about the ambient environment. Recent technological advances
enables the widespread deployment of WSNs for many different applications, including smart battlefield,
healthcare, environment and habitat monitoring, home automation, and traffic control, etc. [1]. The main task of
a wireless sensor node is to sense and collect data from a certain domain, process them and transmit it to the
sink where the application lies. However, ensuring the direct communication between a sensor and the sink may
force nodes to emit their messages with such a high power that their resources could be quickly depleted.
Therefore, the collaboration of nodes to ensure that distant nodes communicate with the sink is a requirement. In
this way, messages are propagated by intermediate nodes so that a route with multiple links or hops to the sink is
established [2-9]. Communication architecture of wireless sensor networks consists of user, sink, and sensor
node shown in Figure 1. In the communication architecture, a user connects legacy networks and communicates
a sink through a task manager node. A sink instructs sensor nodes to carry out tasks interested by the user, and
sensor nodes gather data and forward it to the sink by wireless multi-hop communication manner [3].
networks. These protocols aim to lower energy consumption. Energy efficiency has been known as the most
important problem in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with
sensing, computation and wireless communications capabilities. Wireless Sensor Networks have the limitations such
as energy source, memory size and processing power. Therefore, developing an energy efficient routing protocol is an
interested research work in this field. The usefulness/ effectiveness of any protocol depend on how well its parameters
are set for a particular application. The routing protocols in sensor networks could be classified into three categories:
flat based, hierarchical based and location based routing. In this paper we present a comparative study of
hierarchical based routing protocols that comes under the classification we highlighted for wireless sensor networks.
Keywords: Routing Protocol, Wireless Sensor Networks, flat based, hierarchical based, location based.
I. INTRODUCTION
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is usually composed of a large collections of small autonomous sensor
devices that can sense environmental conditions about the ambient environment. Recent technological advances
enables the widespread deployment of WSNs for many different applications, including smart battlefield,
healthcare, environment and habitat monitoring, home automation, and traffic control, etc. [1]. The main task of
a wireless sensor node is to sense and collect data from a certain domain, process them and transmit it to the
sink where the application lies. However, ensuring the direct communication between a sensor and the sink may
force nodes to emit their messages with such a high power that their resources could be quickly depleted.
Therefore, the collaboration of nodes to ensure that distant nodes communicate with the sink is a requirement. In
this way, messages are propagated by intermediate nodes so that a route with multiple links or hops to the sink is
established [2-9]. Communication architecture of wireless sensor networks consists of user, sink, and sensor
node shown in Figure 1. In the communication architecture, a user connects legacy networks and communicates
a sink through a task manager node. A sink instructs sensor nodes to carry out tasks interested by the user, and
sensor nodes gather data and forward it to the sink by wireless multi-hop communication manner [3].
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