Question

Explain, giving example,Arrhenius acid base theory

Answer 1

The Arrhenius Concept:
Arrhenius was one of the early exponent of electrolytic dissociation theory to define acids and bases.
His classification of acids and bases was based on the theory that, acids when dissolved in water dissociate hydrogen ions and anions where as bases when dissolved in water dissociate into hydroxyl ions and cations. Thus HCl is an acid and NaOH is a base and the neutralization process can be represented by a reaction involving the combination of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions to form H₂O.
Acid : HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻ 
Base : NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻
Acid Base Equilibrium: H⁺ + OH⁻ ⇆ H₂O
Acid base neutralization reaction in aqueous medium :
The Arrhenius concept was highly useful to explaining acid base reaction in aqueous medium.

Answer 2

The Swedish scientist Arrhenius put forth a theory of acids and bases in the year 1887. This theory gives definitions of acids and bases as follows:

Acid: An acid is a substance which on dissolving in water gives to H+ ion as the only cation. For example, HCl, H2SO4, H2CO3

HCl (g) Water→dissociation H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

H2SO4 (I) Water→dissociation H+(aq) + HSO4-(aq)

HSO4-(aq) dissociation→ H+(aq) + SO²4-(aq)

Base: A base is a substance which on dissolving in water gives rise to the OH- ion as the only anion, For example, NaOH, Ca(OH)2

NaOH (s) Water→dissociation Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Ca(OH)2 (s) Water→dissociation Ca²+(aq) + 2OH(aq)