Explain how ATP is Fromed through the electron transport chain
Answers
Answer:
The process of forming ATP from the electron transport chain is known as oxidative phosphorylation. Electrons carried by NADH + H+ and FADH2 are transferred to oxygen via a series of electron carriers, and ATPs are formed. Three ATPs are formed from each NADH + H+, and two ATPs are formed for each FADH2 in eukaryotes.
Answer:
➻ ATP is formed due to oxidative phosporylation.
➻ At each electron transfer an electron donor is oxidised , while acceptor is reduced.
➻ As the electrons move through the system, energy is released which is used to form ATP.
➻ The acceptance of electrons at the end of respiratory chain is called terminal oxidation.
➻ The process of production of ATP by terminal oxidation of reduced coenzymes is called oxidative phosphorylation.
➻ This is explained by chemiosmotic hypothesis
Chemiosmotic hypothesis:
➻ This was proposed by Peter Mitchell in 1961.
➻ According to this ATP is synthesised by movement of H⁺ ions across the mitochondrial membrane during electron transport.
➻ ETC pumps protons out of the mitochondrial matrix into intermitochondrial space.
➻ As a result change in pH occurs between the matrix and intermitochondrial space due to which an electrochemical gradient is generated.
➻ This gradient is responsible for the flow of protons back to the membrane during which energy is released.
➻ This energy is used for the formation of ATP by the enzyme ATP synthase.
Total ATP produced during ETC:
- By the means of NADH₂ , 30 ATPs are generated
- By the means of FADH₂, 4 ATPs are produced.