Question

explain how dipole moment of CH3CL is formed

Answer 1

Answer:

CH3Cl has larger dipole moment than CH3F because dipole moment is based on the product of distance and charge, and not just charge alone. Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine, but, the carbon-fluorine bond is also much shorter than the carbon-chlorine bond: 139 pm vs 178 pm.

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Answer 2

Explanation:

Methyl chloride has a central carbon atom surrounded by three hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom .

The molecule has a tetrahedral shape. The hydrogen atoms are less electro negative than carbon atom , so the electrons in the carbon-hydrogen bonds are unequally shared . They are present closer to the carbon atom, thus giving the hydrogen atoms a partial positive charge.

Chlorine is more electonegative than carbon and attracts the bonded electron pair in the carbon - chlorine bond towards itself , thus obtaining a partial negative charge .

The molecule is a diphole with a partial positive and partial negative charge centre , thus making methyl chloride a polar molecule . Moreover methyl chloride (CH3Cl) has a tetrahedral shape with a bond angle of 109.5 degrees . This is because carbon atom has 4 valence electrons forming 4 bonds in a three dimensional space , a tetrahedral shape allows for the bonded electrons to be furthest away from each other .

Now , as per the question the diphole moment is based on the product of distance and charge , and not just charge alone . No doubt fluroine is more electro negative than chlorine , but the carbon - fluroine bond is also much shorter than the carbon - chlorine bond : 139pm vs 179 pm because of strong attraction of electron pair of carbon by fluroine . so , diphole moment of chloromethane is higher than gluromethane .