Question

Explain how do gymnosperms reproduce?

Answer 1

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Fertilization or Reproduction in gymnosperms.

Female gametes (megaspores) are produced in gametophyte structures called archegonia located in ovulate cones. Male gametes (microspores) are produced in pollen cones and develop into pollen grains. Some gymnosperm species have male and female cones on the same tree, while others have separate male or female cone producing trees. In order for pollination to take place, gametes must come into contact with one another. This typically occurs via wind, animal, or insect transfer.

Fertilization in gymnosperms occurs when pollen grains contact the female ovule and germinate. Sperm cells make their way to the egg inside the ovule and fertilize the egg. In conifer and gnetophytes, sperm cells have no flagella and must reach the egg via the formation of a pollen tube. In cycads and ginkgoes, the flagellated sperm swim toward the egg for fertilization. Upon fertilization, the resulting zygote develops within the gymnosperm seed and forms a new sporophyte

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