Question

Explain how lightning takes place

Answer 1

Lightning is a huge flow of electricity between two parts of a cloud, from one cloud to another or from a cloud to the earth. The amount of electricity that is generated and flows is really enormous by human standards. Thus, for instance, the voltage in the power supply used in most countries are only around 110 volts or 230 volts. But the voltages generated in thunderstorms is of the order of hundreds of thousands of volts - a thousand times higher! The current generated also is huge - when an entire house may draw something like a few tens of amperes of electric current from the grid, the electric current in a lightning stroke is like 30-40 kiloamperes! Or again a thousand times higher. This huge current flows through a path that is estimated to be about one inch in diameter, causing the air to suddenly shoot up to temperatures of the order of 30 to 40 thousand degrees Celsius! To get an idea of how huge this is, just remember that the surface of the Sun is at a temperature of about 6,000 Celsius! This sudden heating causes the air to expand suddenly, creating a shock wave (because the expansion happens faster than the speed of sound in air).

Answer 2

Heavier, negatively charged particles sink to the bottom of the cloud. When the positive and negative charges grow large enough, a giant spark - lightning-occurs between the two charges within the cloud. This is like a static electricity sparks you see, but much bigger.
(LIGHTNING IS ABOUT 27,000 DEGREE CELCIUS, WHICH IS 6 TIMES HOTTER THAN SURFACE OF SUN)
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