explain how microorganism are important for maintaining of healthy soil and biodiversity
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ANSWER:
Soil fertility comprises three interrelated components: physical fertility, chemical fertility and biological fertility. Biological fertility, the organisms that live in the soil and interact with the other components, varies greatly depending upon conditions and it is highly complex and dynamic. It is the least well-understood fertility component. In addition to soil fertility, soil microorganisms play essential roles in the nutrient cycles that are fundamental to life on the planet. Fertile soils teem with soil microbes. There may be hundreds of millions to billions of microbes in a single gram of soil. The most numerous microbes in soil are the bacteria, followed in decreasing numerical order by the actinomycetes, the fungi, soil algae and soil protozoa. A better understanding of soil microbiology is essential if agricultural production is to meet the needs of a growing world population. In many regions, the healthy microbe population is still being threatened, and not promoted, by agricultural practices.
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Answer :
1. The soil is home to a large portion of the world's biodiversity .
2. The top eight inches of soil of one acre may contain as much as five & half tons of bacteria and fungi.
3. Soil organisms breakdown organic matter making nutrients available for uptake by plants and other microorganisms.
4. A gram of garden soil contains around 1 million fungi , such as its and moulds.
5. Bacteria and fungi play key role in maintaining a healthy soil.
6. They act as decomposers the breakdown organic materials to produce detritus and other breakdown products .
7. Soil detritivores , like earthworms , ingest detritus and decompose it .