Question

Explain how sociology has emerged as a distinct discipline based on rationality and scientific temper.(2017)(150 words)

Answer 1

Sociology is the study of the lives of humans, groups and societies and how we interact. Dramatic social times occurred because of the massive changes in society that took place leading up to the modern world. The development of sociology as a discipline emerged in the 19th century in response to modernity.Sociology is a social science that explains and studies the human behavior in a social group.Human beings are social animal and we live in social groups or society. Other social sciences like psychology, anthropology, politics science etc deals with a particularly defined aspect of human or social life. Psychology deals with the individual and mental aspect, anthropology also deals with individual rather biological aspect, political deals with political aspect, economics with economical aspect. On the contrary, sociology deals with every possible aspect of a human life. It answers the question `Why do people behave the way they do?`

Over the centuries the society has evolved into what it is today. The evolution can never be completely explained by considering just one aspect of it. Sociology studies the society in a way so that it can explain what brings the change in society and what is the reason behind its continuation.

The behavior of an individual in a social group or even individually is channelised by certain norms, beliefs that are internalised by him from the time he was born. The culture he is born in, the family, the caste, are the ascribed factors ( given to him by birth) and these acribed factors define right or wrong to him accordingly. All the decisions a person will take, all his choices will be shaped by these defined rights and wrongs. This is how sociology deals with social activities by knowing that these are not merely an individual action but are backed by myriad norms and beliefs existing in that society.

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