Explain how the Bhakti Movement spurred the development of regional languages.
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Answer:
Like Sanskrit, Persian never reached the common people. It is in this vacuum that vernacular literature developed with the spread of Bhakti Movement in 12th century CE. The Bhakti saints taught and composed poems in the local languages.
Apart from Hindi (Brajbhasha and Awadhi) and Urdu, other regional language that developed between 8th and 15th centuries CE included Tamil, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, Telugu, Kannada and Punjabi.
Several pieces of secular literature (non-religious) were written by the court poets in Hindi like: Prithviraj Raso by Chand Bardai, Addur Rahim wrote the poets in couplets or dohas.
Tulsidas one of the Bhakti poet translated Ramayana into Hindi called Ramacharitamanas.
Surdas, the Bhakti poet from Agra, wrote poems in Brajbhasha in praise of Krishna.
Meerabai, the great Krishna bhakta, coposed her songs in Hindi.
The Bhakti saints from Tamil Nadu, wrote songs in praise of Shiva and Vishnu.
Telugu developed into its present form between 10th and 14th Century CE. Beautiful poetic works were produced like Srivalsa by Srinadha. Several works of literature were written during the rule of the Vijayanagara Kings.
Krishnadeva Raya, the most famous king of the Vijayanagara Empire, was a scholar of Sanskrit and Telugu. He wrote the poem Amuktamalyada in Telugu. The Mahabharata was translated in Telugu by Tikkanna and Nannayya around 12th century CE.
Various Sikh gurus taught and wrote in Punjabi, encouraging its growth during medieval period. The Adi Granth, the religious books of Sikhs, was compiled by the fifth guru, Arjan Dev ji, in 1604 CE. Folks songs and stories composed in Punjabi helped the growth of the language.
Marathi developed as a regional language during the rule of the Bahamani sultans in the Deccan. It was used as their court language. The language grew further as a result of the Bhakti Movement. The Bhakti saints Namdev and Tukaram, wrote devotional poems in Marathi and Sant Jnaneshwar translated the Bhagavad Gita into the language.
Narsinh Mehta wrote Bhakti songs in the 15th century CE that portrayed his deep love for Krishna.
One of the best known Gujarati poets is Permanada Bhatta. He wrote wrote poems based on Puranic tales.
In Bengal, the regional language grew under the influence of Bhakti saints. Chaitanya Mahaprbhu danced to the devotional songs composed in Bengali.
Krittibas Ojha was a medieval writer who translated Ramayana into Bengali.
Nair Shah, a king of Gauda in the 14th century CE, is praised by the poet Vidyapati s a patron of vernacular literature.
Explanation:
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