Explain :
i)present Indefinite tense
ii) present continuous tense
iii) present perfect tense
iv) present perfect continuous tense.
Answers
Present Indefinite Tenses
The simple indefinite is used
1. for habitats for repeated action
- He drinks milk every morning.
- She often uses the internet.
2. for general truth ( things that always happen )
- The sun rises in the east.
- Water freezes at 0° C.
3. for things that stayed the same for a long time
- My uncle lives in Chennai.
- He works in a bank.
4. to tell a story in a dramatic way.
- Sohrab now rushes forward and deals a heavy blow to Rustum.
5. to describe actions as they happen, for example, in broadcast commentaries or sporting event.
The simple present is also used for future action.
Present Continuous Tense
The present continuous is used for action going on at the time of speaking; as
- She is watching TV. ( now )
- The boys are playing hockey.
- Your friends are waiting for you. Hurry up!
This tense is also used for actions which are happening around now and not necessarily at the time of speaking.
- I am reading 'Gulliver's Travels'. ( But I am not reading now )
Present Perfect Tense
We use the present perfect tense for
1. past actions when we think of their effect in the present
- Somebody has broken the window. (The window is now broken.)
- I have cleaned the motorbike. (It is clean now.)
- Gopi has eaten all the biscuits. (There are none left for you.)
2. actions that happened only a short time ago (with just)
- He has just gone out .
- I have just heard the news.
3. indefinite actions that happened in a period leading up to the present time (often with already, ever, never, yet, twice, three times, etc.)
- I have already finished my homework.
- Have you ever seen the Taj Mahal?
- I have never seen it./ I have seen it twice.
4. for action beginning at the same time in the past and going on up to the moment of speaking ( with since-and for-phrases)
- I have known him since 1996.
- We have lived in Nagpur for 5 years ( We still live in Nagpur )
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
We use the present perfect continuous tense for an action which started at sometimes in the past and it still continuing. This tense is often used with that time expressions How long, since... and for...
- How long have you been waiting here.
- It has been raining Since 4 o'clock.
- They have been preparing the bridge for 4 months.
This tense is also used for an action already finished. The results of the action happen in the present.
- I am very tired. I have been playing tennis.
- The children's here is wet because they have been swimming in the river.
Present Indefinite Tense : ↴
Present indefinite tense is also known as simple present tense. It is used to express the journal and usual habits of the doer.
Examples :
- She usually goes for a morning walk.
- Do I go to Delhi every week?
- Where do they live now-a-days?
- He does not get up early in the morning.
Present Continuous Tense : ↴
Present continuous tense express that the action is going on at the time of speaking.
Examples :
- She is keeping her book in the shelf.
- Where are you going today?
- Is the aunt looking after me?
- I am not flying a kite.
Present perfect Tense : ↴
Present perfect tense express that the action has just ended.
Examples :
- She has taken part in a fashion show.
- I have not given you My notes to copy them.
- Why have you called me now?
- Have you seen all the historical places in Delhi?
Present perfect continuous Tense : ↴
Present perfect continuous tense express that an action is begin in the past and continuous at the time of speaking. Time is also mentioned in it.
Examples :
- Why have we not been trying to get you for an hour?
- She has been studying since morning.
- Have you been sleeping since 11 o'clock night?
- I have not been playing hockey with you for many days.