Explain in brief and easy way. 1) Convoluted Tubule. 2) Structure and functioning of Nephron.
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1))Functions of the Nephron
The basic function of the nephron is to filter blood and remove waste substances while retaining essential substances for various biochemical processes. In the process, the nephron can also influence the pH (acid-base balance) of the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain the blood volume and control the level of electrolytes in the body fluids.
The functions of the nephron can be discussed with regards to each parts
Bowman’s capsuleCollects the incoming fluid from the glomerular capillaries.
Proximal tubuleSodium, chloride, water, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed (removed from the tubules).
Organic acids and bases like bile salts, oxalate and urate are secreted into the proximal tubule.
Loop of HenleWater is reabsorbed mainly in the descending limb and thin segment of the ascending limb.Sodium, calcium, chloride, magnesium and potassium are actively reabsorbed in the thick segment of the ascending limb.
Distal tubuleControls the blood flow through the glomerular capillaries and glomerular filtration of the nephron to which it belongs.
Sodium, potassium and chloride reabsorption.
Collecting tubuleSodium, potassium and chloride reabsorption.
Hydrogen ion secretion.
2))Proximal tubule
The proximal tubule is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It is conventionally divided into the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the proximal straight tubule (PST).
Structure
The most distinctive characteristic of the proximal tubule is its brush border, also known as the striated border.
Proportion of Filtered Substances Reabsorbed in the Proximal Tubule
Substance% of Filtrate reabsorbed-
Sodium and Water~66%
Organic solutes e.g. glucose and amino acids~100%
Potassium~65%
Urea~50%
THAT'S IT..!
The basic function of the nephron is to filter blood and remove waste substances while retaining essential substances for various biochemical processes. In the process, the nephron can also influence the pH (acid-base balance) of the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain the blood volume and control the level of electrolytes in the body fluids.
The functions of the nephron can be discussed with regards to each parts
Bowman’s capsuleCollects the incoming fluid from the glomerular capillaries.
Proximal tubuleSodium, chloride, water, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed (removed from the tubules).
Organic acids and bases like bile salts, oxalate and urate are secreted into the proximal tubule.
Loop of HenleWater is reabsorbed mainly in the descending limb and thin segment of the ascending limb.Sodium, calcium, chloride, magnesium and potassium are actively reabsorbed in the thick segment of the ascending limb.
Distal tubuleControls the blood flow through the glomerular capillaries and glomerular filtration of the nephron to which it belongs.
Sodium, potassium and chloride reabsorption.
Collecting tubuleSodium, potassium and chloride reabsorption.
Hydrogen ion secretion.
2))Proximal tubule
The proximal tubule is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It is conventionally divided into the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and the proximal straight tubule (PST).
Structure
The most distinctive characteristic of the proximal tubule is its brush border, also known as the striated border.
Proportion of Filtered Substances Reabsorbed in the Proximal Tubule
Substance% of Filtrate reabsorbed-
Sodium and Water~66%
Organic solutes e.g. glucose and amino acids~100%
Potassium~65%
Urea~50%
THAT'S IT..!
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