explain in detail how microorganisms cause air pollution
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Answer:
Microbial damage in indoor areas is caused most frequently by molds and bacteria. These microorganisms have a very important role in the biogeochemical cycle, as their task consists in disintegrating organic mass to reusable metabolites. In the environment spores of molds and bacteria may become airborne and are therefore ubiquitous. They can enter indoor areas by passive ventilation or by ventilation systems as well. Many genera are also emitted by indoor sources like animals, flowerpots and wastebaskets. This normal flora is in most cases not harmful. But more and more frequently growth conditions like excessive humidity and/or a high water content of building materials are encountered, which are in most cases the limiting factor for microbial growth. This is caused by shortcomings of the buildings like the lack of thermal insulation as well as by the noncorrect behavior of the room users. According to the relative humidity and/or the moisture content of the building material different microorganisms are able to grow on indoor building materials and may cause destruction, adverse health effects and unpleasant smells. Therefore the task of microbial examinations is to differentiate between normal indoor microorganisms, airborne or adherent to walls and floors, and between more or less heavily growing species, attacking building materials and producing microbial products causing adverse health effects. Air sampling of microorganisms is a very favored method, as it allows a direct toxicological evaluation, as results can be related to a concentration expressed in colony forming units per cubic meter.