Explain in details about the three significant wave propagation mechanisms that affect the propagation of em waves
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Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves as they travel, or are propagated, from one point to another, or into various parts of the atmosphere.[1] As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, polarization, and scattering.[2]Understanding the effects of varying conditions on radio propagation has many practical applications, from choosing frequencies for international shortwavebroadcasters, to designing reliable mobile telephone systems, to radio navigation, to operation of radarsystems.
Several different types of propagation are used in practical radio transmission systems. Line-of-sight propagation means radio waves which travel in a straight line from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna. Line of sight transmission is used to medium range radio transmission such as cell phones, cordless phones, walkie-talkies, wireless networks, FM radio and television broadcasting and radar, and satellite communication, such as satellite television. Line-of-sight transmission on the surface of the Earth is limited to the distance to the visual horizon, which depends on the height of transmitting and receiving antennas. It is the only propagation method possible at microwave frequencies and above. At microwave frequencies, moisture in the atmosphere (rain fade) can degrade transmission.
Several different types of propagation are used in practical radio transmission systems. Line-of-sight propagation means radio waves which travel in a straight line from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna. Line of sight transmission is used to medium range radio transmission such as cell phones, cordless phones, walkie-talkies, wireless networks, FM radio and television broadcasting and radar, and satellite communication, such as satellite television. Line-of-sight transmission on the surface of the Earth is limited to the distance to the visual horizon, which depends on the height of transmitting and receiving antennas. It is the only propagation method possible at microwave frequencies and above. At microwave frequencies, moisture in the atmosphere (rain fade) can degrade transmission.
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When the object vibrates ,it sets the particles of the medium (solid,liquid and gas) around it in vibration. The particles do not travel all the way from the vibrating object of ear. A particle of the medium in contact with the vibrating object is first displaced from its equilibrium position.
It then exerts a force on the adjacent particle. As the result which, adjacent particle gets displaced from its position of rest. After displacing the adjacent particle, the first particle comes back to its original position. This process continues in the medium till the sound reach our ears.
The source of sound creates a disturbance in the medium which travels through the medium. The particles of the medium do not move forward but the disturbance is carried forward. This is the propagation of sound in a medium ,hence sound can be visualised as a wave. Sound waves require a medium to travel, so they are called mechanical waves.
It then exerts a force on the adjacent particle. As the result which, adjacent particle gets displaced from its position of rest. After displacing the adjacent particle, the first particle comes back to its original position. This process continues in the medium till the sound reach our ears.
The source of sound creates a disturbance in the medium which travels through the medium. The particles of the medium do not move forward but the disturbance is carried forward. This is the propagation of sound in a medium ,hence sound can be visualised as a wave. Sound waves require a medium to travel, so they are called mechanical waves.
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