Question

Explain ISO-enzymes with suitable example.

Answer 1

Isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction. These enzymes usually display different kinetic parameters (e.g. different KM values), or different regulatory properties.

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Answer 2

$\huge\text{\underline{\underline{Iso-enzymes:}}}$


⚫They are multiple molecular forms of enzyme occurring in the same organism and having a similar substrate activity are called as iso-enzymes.


⚫Over 100 enzymes are known to have iso-enzymes.

(i) $\alpha$-amylase of wheat endorsers has 16-iso-enzymes.

(ii) Lactic acid dehydrogenase has 5-iso-enzymes.

(iii) Alcohol dehydrogenase has 4-iso-enzymes.


⚫All enzymes are produced in the living cells. About 2,000 enzymes have been recorded. These are of two types with regard to the site where they act:

$\bold{=>\:Intracellular}$

$\bold{=>\:Extracellular}$



$\text{\underline{\underline{1.\:Intracellular\:Enzymes:}}}$

⚫Most of the enzymes remain and function inside the cells.

⚫They are called the intracellular enzymes, or endoenzymes.

⚫Some occur dissolved in the cytoplasmic matrix.


$\text{\underline{\underline{2.\:Extracellular\:Enzymes:}}}$

⚫Certain enzymes leave the cells and function outside them.

⚫They are called the extracellular enzymes, or exoenzymes.

⚫The enzyme retain their catalytic action even after extraction from the cells.