Explain necessity of transformer for power transmission and distribution
Answers
Answer:
Transformer is the foremost reason that most of the electric power transmission in the world today is in the form of AC instead of DC. This is because transformer can easily step down or step up voltages which is essential for the efficient electric power transmission. Stepping up voltages to higher voltages before transmission at the generation end greatly reduces I2R losses over long distances. And it can be easily stepped down using transformer to required lower voltages at the consumer end.
Answer:
Transformers (sometimes called "voltage transformers") are devices used in electrical circuits to change the voltage of electricity flowing in the circuit. Transformers can be used either to increase the voltage (called "stepping up") or decrease the voltage ("step down").
Energy is lost in the process of transmitting electricity long distances, such as during the journey from a power plant to your home . Less energy is lost if the voltage is very high, so electrical utilities use high voltage in long-distance transmission wires. However, this high voltage is too dangerous for home use. Electrical utilities use transformers to change the voltage of electricity as it travels from the power plant to you. First, the voltage of electricity coming from the power plant is "stepped up" using transformers to the right level for long-distance transmission. Later, the voltage is stepped down before it enters your home - once again using transformers.
In order for the electrical power distribution network to function, voltages must be stepped up before power is transmitted great distances over power lines. One major problem is that power is lost between the power plant and the consumers because currents use some of the power to heat the transmission lines. The power transmitted along the line is equal to the voltage times the current. The higher the voltage the lower the current that must flow within the transmission lines to deliver the same power. Lower currents produce much less heating and much less power loss. Of course, the high voltages (needed to drive the low currents) must be stepped back down before power is supplied to our homes. Transformers are the critical elements that step up and down the voltages at each end of the line.
Transformers are often used in electrical circuits to change the voltage of electricity flowing through a circuit. The coils of wire on each side of the transformer have different numbers of turns, causing the voltage out to be different from the voltage in.
