Question

Explain Oxidetive Phosphorylation.


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Answer 1

Oxidative phosphorylation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate. In most eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. 

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Answer 2

The body’s energy demands are driven by high energy phosphates in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its equivalents. There are two ways in which ATP can be generated. The first is by the process of substrate-level phosphorylation where the phosphate group from a metabolic intermediate (substrate) is transferred to a molecule of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to generate ATP. Such reactions occur in glycolysis, are catalysed by kinase or phosphorylase enzymes, and occur in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. The second, and by far the most important mechanism for the production of ATP, is the process of oxidative phosphorylation which, in eukaryotes, only occurs in mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from the reduced cofactors, NADH or FADH2, to O2 by a series of electron carriers.