Biology, asked by Anonymous, 11 months ago

Explain PCR and step by step process​

Answers

Answered by Anonymous
8

Answer:

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\huge\blue{\boxed{\tt PCR}}

The Polymerase chain reaction or PCR was originally invented by Kary Mullis in 1985 results in the selective amplification of the DNA (or RNA) present even as a single copy in initial preparation.

A single PCR amplification cycle involves three basic steps :-

\huge\underline{\tt Denaturation}</p><p>

  • The target DNA is heated to a high temperature (usually 94° to 98° C ) resulting in the separation of the two strand . Each strand of the target DNA then act as template for DNA synthesis .

\huge\underline{\tt Annealing}

  • The two oligonucleotide primers anneal (hybridize) to each of the single stranded DNA since sequence of the complementary to the 3' ends of the template DNA . This step is carried at a lower temperature (usually 40° to 60°) depending on the length and sequence of the primers .

\huge\underline{\tt Extension}

  • Taq Polymerase (from a thermophilic bacteria Thermus aquaticus ) synthesis the DNA region between the primers, using DNTPs (deoxynucleoside triphosphates) and Mg2+ . It means the primers are extended towards eachother so that the DNA segment lying between the two primers is copied. This Occurs at an optimum temperature of 72°C .

Hope this will help uh!!!

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Answered by arshbbcommander
3

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PCR Definition

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common laboratory technique used to make many copies (millions or billions!) of a particular region of DNA. This DNA region can be anything the experimenter is interested in. For example, it might be a gene whose function a researcher wants to understand, or a genetic marker used by forensic scientists to match crime scene DNA with suspects.

Steps involved

  • PCR involves a process of heating and cooling called thermal cycling which is carried out by machine.

There are three main stages:

  1. Denaturing – when the double-stranded template DNA is heated to separate it into two single strands.
  2. Annealing – when the temperature is lowered to enable the DNA primers to attach to the template DNA.
  3. Extending – when the temperature is raised and the new strand of DNA is made by the Taq polymerase enzyme.

  • These three stages are repeated 20-40 times, doubling the number of DNA copies each time.
  • A complete PCR reaction can be performed in a few hours, or even less than an hour with certain high-speed machines.
  • After PCR has been completed, a method called electrophoresis can be used to check the quantity and size of the DNA fragments produced.

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