Question

explain physiology of digestion ?​

Answer 1

$\huge{\mathfrak{\red{\underline{\underline{Answer:-}}}}}$

The process of digestion occurs in five distinct steps. These are as follows:

$\mathtt{\purple{\underline{1).\:Ingestion:-}}}$ The process of taking in food through the buccal cavity is known as Ingestion.

$\mathtt{\purple{\underline{2).\: Digestion:-}}}$ It is the process of breaking down food into simpler substances.

$\mathtt{\purple{\underline{3).\:Absorbtion:-}}}$ The process of absorption take place in the small intestine. Here, the digested food is absorbed in the blood through villi, which are sac-like structures.

$\mathtt{\purple{\underline{4).\: Assimilation:-}}}$ The food absorbed by blood is transported to various part of the body through blood vessels. This process is known as Assimilation.

$\mathtt{\purple{\underline{5).\:Egestion:-}}}$ The process of removing the undigested food material from the body through anus is known as Egestion.

The process of digestion includes both mechanical and chemical digestion. The mechanical process starts in the mouth when the teeth cut and grind the food into smaller pieces. The chemical digestion too starts in the mouth when the saliva mixed with the food. Digestion of Carbohydrates occurs mainly in the mouth and small Intestine. Digestion of fat occurs mainly in the small intestine while protein are basically digested in stomach and small intestine.

Absorption of the digested nutrients is mainly carried out by small intestine.

Answer 2

$\huge\bf{\purple{\mid{\overline{\underline{Physiology\:of\:digestion}}}\mid}}$

Digestion is divided in two ways - mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.mechanical digestion takes place in mouth and small intestine.

$\large\bf{\purple{\mid{\overline{\underline{Mechanical\:digestion-}}}\mid}}$

★ In mouth teeth, tounge and lips have important role in mechanical digestion through the process of Chewing and Metication.

$\large\bf{\purple{\mid{\overline{\underline{Chemical\:digestion-}}}\mid}}$

✍ In this type of digestion saliva mix with food particles.

✍ saliva contain 99.5% water and 0.5% salts.

✍ These salts are organic and inorganic type.

✍ the main salts are mucin, lysozyme, thiocynate and ptyalin.

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$\large\bf{\purple{\mid{\overline{\underline{Digestion\: in\: stomach-}}}\mid}}$

✡$\rm{\underline{Compostion: -}}$

water - 99.5%

HCL - 0.2%

pH - 1.5 to 2.5

and stomach contain mucus water, HCL, gastric enzyme, etc.

✍ HCL destroy all the bacteria present in the food.

✍ In stomach, HCL dissolve the hard portion of food and make it soft.

✍ The medium is highly acidic in stomach. so, it stop the action of saliva.

✍ In stomach fat converted into fatty acids and glycerol.

$\bold{lipase\: act\: as\: a\: emulsified\: fat}$

✍ peristalsis continues during the process of digestion.

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$\large\bf{\purple{\mid{\overline{\underline{Digestion\: in \: small\: intestine-}}}\mid}}$

In small intestine mechanical and chemical digestion both occur.

$\star{\mathtt{\purple{\underline{Duodenum-}}}}$ Amylopsin dissociate starch into maltose. majority of starch breaks up into the duodenum.

it digest cholesterol esters. (easters are made up of fatty acid).

✍ in duodenum, digestion of biomacro molecules takes place in the presence of bile juice and pancreatic juice.

$\star{\mathtt{\purple{\underline{Jelunum-}}}}$ it is a type of Exopeptidase. it covert oligopeptides into amino acid.

$sucrose - - - > glucose + fructose$

$lctose - - - > glucose + fructose$

$\star{\mathtt{\purple{\underline{Caecum-}}}}$

The symbiotic bacteria and protozoan present in the caecum help in digestion of cellulose into glucose.

✍ digestion of cellulose takes place in caecum by the process of Decomposition.

$\bold{it \: is \: very\: slow\: process}$

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$\large\bf{\purple{\mid{\overline{\underline{Absorption\:of\:digested\:food-}}}\mid}}$

Absorption is the process by which the end product of digestion pass through the intestinal mucosa into the blood or lymph.

✍ it Is carried out by passive, active or facillated transport mechanism.

✍ generally food is absorbed by process of simple diffusion.

✍ in duodenum iron and calcium ions are absorbed.

✍ maximum absorption of food take place in jejunum.

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