Question

Explain th3 role of ovarian hormones in including changes in the menstural cycle

Answer 1

In addition to their effects on sexual differentiation and reproduction, sex hormones appear to influence the immune system. This results in a sexual dimorphism in the immune response in humans: for instance, females produce more vigorous cellular and more vigorous humoral immune reactions, are more resistant to certain infections, and suffer a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases. Disease expression is also affected by the reproductive status of the female. As sex steroids—estrogens, progesterone and testosterone—differ between gender and within different reproductive stages, a lot of research has focussed on the effects of sex hormones on immune responses. Although there is also a vast literature on the effects of sex hormones on immune responses in animals, in this review we will focus on the most intriguing effects and mechanisms by which sex hormones affect different components of the immune system in humans



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Answer 2

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With the start of a menstrual cycle, pituitary produces FSH hormone which stimulates the ovaries to start the formation and maturation of eggs. With the maturation of these follicles, estrogen level rises in the body indicating the formation of the mature egg. This leads to the completion of the follicular phase.

The pituitary gland now produces LH hormone which causes the release of an egg from ovary by the process of ovulation. After ovulation, luteal phase begins during which the level of progesterone in the body starts increasing. Progesterone hormone maintains the lining of the wall of the uterus for pregnancy. If pregnancy does not take place then progesterone level falls and menstrual flow begins.