explain the activity to observe mitochondria
Answers
organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner part being folded inwards to form layers (cristae).
Answer:
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Explanation:
Popularly known as the “Powerhouse of the cell,” mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) are a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. They are found inside the cytoplasm and essentially functions as the cell’s “digestive system.”
They play a major role in breaking down nutrients and generating energy-rich molecules for the cell. Many of the biochemical reactions involved in cellular respiration take place within the mitochondria. The term ‘mitochondrion’ is derived from the Greek words “mitos” and “chondrion” which means “thread” and “granules-like” respectively. It was first described by a German pathologist named Richard Altmann in the year 1890.
Structure of Mitochondria
The mitochondrion is a double-membraned, rod-shaped structure found in both plant and animal cell.
Its size ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometre in diameter.
The structure comprises an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a gel-like material called the matrix.
The outer membrane and the inner membrane are made of proteins and phospholipid layers separated by the intermembrane space.
The outer membrane covers the surface of the mitochondrion and has a large number of special proteins known as porins.
It is freely permeable to ions, nutrient molecules, energy molecules like the ADP and ATP molecules.
Functions of Mitochondria
The most important function of mitochondria is to produce energy through the process of oxidative phosphorylation. It is also involved in the following process:
Functions of mitochondria
Regulates the metabolic activity of the cell
Promotes the growth of new cells and cell multiplication
Helps in detoxifying ammonia in the liver cells
Plays an important role in apoptosis or programmed cell death
Responsible for building certain parts of the blood and various hormones like testosterone and oestrogen
Helps in maintaining an adequate concentration of calcium ions within the compartments of the cell
It is also involved in various cellular activities like cellular differentiation, cell signalling, cell senescence, controlling the cell cycle and also in cell growth.