explain the age composition of coal and its distribution
Answers
Answer:
The four types of coal include peat, lignite, bituminous, and anthracite, with anthracite being most desirable due to its high heat content.
Explanation:
Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements; chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Peat
First stage of transformation.
Contains less than 40 to 55 per cent carbon == more impurities.
Contains sufficient volatile matter and lot of moisture [more smoke and more pollution].
Left to itself, it burns like wood, gives less heat, emits more smoke and leaves a lot of ash.
Lignite
Brown coal.
Lower grade coal.
40 to 55 per cent carbon.
Intermediate stage.
Dark to black brown.
Moisture content is high (over 35 per cent).
It undergoes SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION [Bad. Creates fire accidents in mines]
Bituminous Coal
Soft coal; most widely available and used coal.
Derives its name after a liquid called bitumen.
40 to 80 per cent carbon.
Moisture and volatile content (15 to 40 per cent)
Dense, compact, and is usually of black colour.
Does not have traces of original vegetable material.
Calorific value is very high due to high proportion of carbon and low moisture.
Used in production of coke and gas.
Anthracite Coal
Best quality; hard coal.
80 to 95 per cent carbon.
Very little volatile matter.
Negligibly small proportion of moisture.
Semi-metallic lustre.
Ignites slowly == less loss of heat == highly efficient.
Ignites slowly and burns with a nice short blue flame. [Complete combustion == Flame is BLUE == little or no pollutants. Example: LPG]
In India, it is found only in Jammu and Kashmir and that too in small quantity.
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