Question

Explain the cleaning action of soap why do soaps do not work in hard water 2 chemistry

Answer 1

HEYA !!!

Most of the dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water. The molecule of soap constitutes sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids. In the case of soaps, the carbon chain dissolves in oil and the ionic end dissolves in water. Thus the soap molecules form structures called micelles .In micelles, one end is towards the oil droplet and the other end which is the ionic faces outside. Therefore, it forms an emulsion in water and helps in dissolving the dirt when we wash our clothes.

Soap doesn't work in hard water because of presence of Magnesium and Iron in hard water

Answer 2

Explanation:

Soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids and are soluble in water.

Hard water consists of calcium and magnesium ions in it and thus when soap is used with hard water, the sodium ions get replaced by calcium or magnesium ions which are insoluble in water and are formed as white precipitates called as scum. The lather formation is hindered and the scum gets adhered to the skin.

$C_17H_{36}COONa+Ca^{2+}\rightarrow (C_17H_{36}COO)_2Ca$

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