Question

explain the colour force between the quarks .. how it works?

where it works and how it is different from other fundamental forces?

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Answer 1

$\huge\bf\red{\mid{\overline{\underline{ANSWER}}}\mid}$

$\large \bf {COLOUR \: \: FORCE }$

→ According to standard model of particle physics electrons and protons are the fundamental particles of atom and they are made up of Quarks . Proton is made up of 2 up and 1 down quark .

→ The mass of proton is 1835 times the mass of electron , hence if we add the masses of 2 up and 1 down quark and divide by the mass of electron then the result is the 1% of proton's mass means it's only the 1% mass difference !!

But from where the 99% of mass difference of proton comes ??

The answer is Gluones!

Yes , the binding energy of Gluones which binds the 3 quarks gives the 99% mass difference to proton . It also includes the kinetic energy which Quarks produces in proton by their movement .

→ The force which holds the Quarks that is called colour force.

This colour force is different from all fundamental forces.

This colour force is 100 times the electromagnetic force

The effect of electromagnetic force decreases with distance but the effect of colour force increases with distance.

The mystery of proton is this that how the 3 light particles makes a heavy composite particle!

→ If we talk about the hydrogen atom , the electromagnetic force binds electron and proton !

If we talk about the masses then Hydrogen atom is lighter than the sum of individual masses of electron and proton!

So , from where this mass difference came???

Let's keep the mass aside for one minute!

So , the masses of electron and proton are different but their charges are equal and opposite and this is because the property of charge which is the charge is quantized and conserved!

Whenever , neutral neutron decay occurs then in the neutron decay proton , electron and anti neutrino releases. And because the neutral neutrino is neutral that means the proton and elctron should have charge and that should be equal and opposite because the neutron was neutral before decay !

Now , let's talk about the colour force !

→ colour force is directly proportional to the distance between Quarks .

Hence, smaller the distance , smaller the force.

And the Quarks in proton are really close to each other that means the force is smaller

Hence the Quarks acts like a free particle .

→ If we try to move a quark away from proton then the distance between Quarks incteses and hence the force increases and we will need more energy !

And if we move a quark to infinity then the force will be infinite and hence the mass of proton will be infinite too.

→ If we provide the system a high energy and then we move Quarks away then because of the high energy " q " and " q' " Quarks will be created , and q' quark will attracted to the quark which we are moving away and q will be attracted towards the proton .

Hence the proton have again 3 Quarks but q' outside will make meson with the quark which we moved away from proton !

And hence after removing the new proton will be created which will generally be heavier !

Now , why this force is called the colour force!

This is because there are 3 different kinds of colour charges !

$\begin{gathered} \bf 1. \: \red{ \pm{red}}\\ \bf \: 2. \blue{\pm {blue}} \\ \bf \: 3. \: \green{ \pm{green}}\end{gathered}$

Answer 2

• According to standard model of particle physics electrons and protons are the fundamental particles of atom and they are made up of Quarks . Proton is made up of 2 up and 1 down quark .