explain the different agricultural practices. In detail
Answers
The agricultural practices are divided into different farms, it depends upon the land and climatic conditions of different areas. so we are going to discuss types of agriculture in India. While the list of agricultural activities is Subsistence Agriculture, Extensive Agriculture, Intensive Agriculture, Plantation Agriculture, Mixed Farming Agriculture, Commercial Farming Agriculture.
Subsistence Agriculture: The farmers produce their own food to eat. Furthermore, they require a low amount of land. The yield is not for trading.
Extensive Agriculture: This is an agricultural production system which uses a few inputs and capital, less labour and application of fertilizers it too low. Furthermore, for example, Sheep farming and Cattle farming areas give low productivity.
Intensive Agriculture: This is completely different from extensive agriculture. More area of land is important. The farmers produce a large amount of productivity for commercialization to trade the yield. They use huge Capital and Inputs, they use a large number of labour and modern machines and tools. While they apply the full amount of fertilizers and pests to control the disease. It requires Large Irrigation System.
Mixed Agriculture: Cultivation of two or more different varieties of crops in the same area or field is Mixed Agriculture. The equal importance is for both Livestock and Cultivation Crops. The proportion of land is for cultivation, animal rearing, and to the livestock. The cost of capital is high or sometimes low according to the location. They use high inputs and low labours.
Commercial Agriculture: This requires a large area of the farm. This is the process of production of large quantity of product. They use a huge amount of capital and inputs. They have less labour and use more machines and technology in agriculture.
Plantation Agriculture: Plantation is the process of cultivation of commercial crops which is having great demand in trading. Cultivation of crops like Coffee, Tea and all types spices is Plantation Agriculture. In this process, the single crop is grown in the large area of land. The capital and inputs are also high. Also, the use of labours is high and apply more amount of fertilizers and pests.
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Soil preparation
Before raising a crop, the soil in which it is to be grown is prepared by plowing, leveling, and manuring. Ploughing is the process of loosening and digging of soil using a plough. This helps in proper aeration of the soil. After plowing, the soil is distributed evenly and leveled in the process called leveling. The soil is then manured.
Sowing
Selection of seeds of good quality crop strains is the primary stage of sowing. After the preparation of soil, these seeds are dispersed in the field and this is called sowing. Sowing can be done manually, by hand or by using seed drilling machines.
Manuring
Manuring is the step where nutritional supplements are provided and these supplements may be natural (manure) or chemical compounds (fertilizers). Manure is the decomposition product of plant and animal wastes. Fertilizers are chemical compounds consisting of plant nutrients and are produced commercially.
Irrigation
Irrigation is the supply of water. Sources of water can be wells, ponds, lakes, canals, dams etc. Over irrigation may lead to water logging and damage the crop. This frequency and interval between successive irrigation need to be controlled.
Weeding
Weeds are unwanted plants which grow among crops. They are removed by using weedicides, by pulling them by hands and some are removed during soil preparation.
Harvesting
Once the crop is matured, it is cut and gathered, this process is called harvesting. Followed by harvesting, grains are separated from the chaff either by threshing or manually in small scale (winnowing).
Storage
Grains yielded are stored in granaries or bins at godowns for later use or marketing. Therefore, methods of crop protection need to be better. In order to protect grains from pest and rodents- cleaning, drying, fumigation, etc are done prior to storing.
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