Question

Explain the economic and social conditions of Russia before the Revolution of Or State any three major effects of the First World War in Germany.

CBSE Class IX Social Science SA (3 Marks)

Answer 1

Socio-economic condition of Russia before the Revolution of 1905 :

(i)    About 85 percent of the Russian population earned their living from agriculture.

(ii)   Industry was found in pockets and craftsman took much of the production.

(iii)  Most industries were the private property of industrialists.

(iv)  In craft units and small workshops, the working day was sometimes 15 hours.

(v)   Accommodation varied from rooms to dormitories.

(vi)  Workers were divided in social groups.

(v) Women made up 31 percent of the factory labour and were paid less.

Or

Three major effects of the First World War in Germany are :

(i) World War I, ended with the Allies defeating Germany and the Central Powers in November 1918. The Peace Treaty at Versailles with the Allies was a harsh and humiliating Treaty. Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13 percent of its territories, 75 percent of its iron and 26 percent of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania.

(ii)  The Allied Powers demilitarised Germany to weaken its power. Germany was forced to pay compensation amounting to 6 billion.

(iii) The Allied armies also occupied the resource-rich Rhineland.