Explain the formation of ionic compounds with examples
Answers
Answered by
6
Ionic (or electrovalent) compounds are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons and the other gains one or more electrons.
Formation of sodium chloride:
The electronic configuration of sodium atom (atomic no 11) is 2, 8, 1. So, it has one electron in its valence shell. The electronic configuration of chlorine atom (atomic no 17) is 2, 8, 7. So, it has been seven valence electrons.
When the two combine, there is a transfer of one electron from sodium atom to chlorine atom. During the transfer of an electron, both the atoms attain the noble gas configuration: sodium that of neon (2, 8) and chlorine that of argon (2, 8, and 8). The two ions, Na+and Cl-are then held together by the electrostatic attraction to form the ionic compound sodium chloride (Na+Cl-).
The columbic force of an attraction between Na+and Cl-lowers the energy of the system, and hence makes it a stable compound.
Formation of magnesium chloride, MgCl2
The electronic configuration of the two atoms is,
Magnesium (atomic no. 12) Chlorine (atomic no.17)
No. of electrons =12 no. of electrons =17
Electronic configuration: (2, 8, and 2) Electronic configuration: (2, 8, 7)
Thus, magnesium atom has two electrons in its valence shell. The chlorine atom has seven valence electrons. Thus , magnesium has two electrons in excess of the neon configuration(2,8), and chlorine is one electron short of argon configuration(2,8,8), so one atom of magnesium will transfer its two valence electrons to two chlorine atoms,(one to each) as shown below.
Formation of sodium chloride:
The electronic configuration of sodium atom (atomic no 11) is 2, 8, 1. So, it has one electron in its valence shell. The electronic configuration of chlorine atom (atomic no 17) is 2, 8, 7. So, it has been seven valence electrons.
When the two combine, there is a transfer of one electron from sodium atom to chlorine atom. During the transfer of an electron, both the atoms attain the noble gas configuration: sodium that of neon (2, 8) and chlorine that of argon (2, 8, and 8). The two ions, Na+and Cl-are then held together by the electrostatic attraction to form the ionic compound sodium chloride (Na+Cl-).
The columbic force of an attraction between Na+and Cl-lowers the energy of the system, and hence makes it a stable compound.
Formation of magnesium chloride, MgCl2
The electronic configuration of the two atoms is,
Magnesium (atomic no. 12) Chlorine (atomic no.17)
No. of electrons =12 no. of electrons =17
Electronic configuration: (2, 8, and 2) Electronic configuration: (2, 8, 7)
Thus, magnesium atom has two electrons in its valence shell. The chlorine atom has seven valence electrons. Thus , magnesium has two electrons in excess of the neon configuration(2,8), and chlorine is one electron short of argon configuration(2,8,8), so one atom of magnesium will transfer its two valence electrons to two chlorine atoms,(one to each) as shown below.
Answered by
0
Answer:
Explanation:Ionic (or electrovalent) compounds are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons and the other gains one or more electrons.
Similar questions