Question

explain the functional units of a computer with block diagram​

Answer 1

Answer:

A computer can process data, pictures, sound and graphics. They can solve highly complicated problems quickly and accurately. A computer as shown in Fig. performs basically five major computer operations or functions irrespective of their size and make. These are

1) it accepts data or instructions by way of input,

2) it stores data,

3) it can process data as required by the user,

4) it gives results in the form of output, and

5) it controls all operations inside a computer.

1. Input: This is the process of entering data and programs in to the computer system. You should know that computer is an electronic machine like any other machine which takes as inputs raw data and performs some processing giving out processed data. Therefore, the input unit takes data from us to the computer in an organized manner for processing.

2. Storage: The process of saving data and instructions permanently is known as storage. Data has to be fed into the system before the actual processing starts. It is because the processing speed of Central Processing Unit (CPU) is so fast that the data has to be provided to CPU with the same speed.

3. Processing: The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called processing. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions from the storage unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions given and the type of data provided. It is then sent back to the storage unit.

4. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. Similarly the output produced by the computer after processing must also be kept somewhere inside the computer before being given to you in human readable form. Again the output is also stored inside the computer for further processing.

5. Control: The manner how instructions are executed and the above operations are performed. Controlling of all operations like input, processing and output are performed by control unit. It takes care of step by step processing of all operations inside the computer.

Answer 2

Components of Computer:

There are 5 basis components of computer, which helps computer system to run properly without any interruption. A computer system is designed in such a way that, every byte of information inputted should be processed properly, Such that user should get the required output. A computer system data transferring is very fast and efficient, so it takes a time less than a second to process and show the output.

-------- Block diagram in attachment -------

Types of computer:

i) Micro computer

ii) Macro computer

iii) Mini computer

iv) Mainframe computer

v) Supercomputer

       

5 Basics units of computer:

i) Input Unit

Data and instructions should be first enter in the computer system to get the task done. Without entering any input in the computer system, computer cannot do any task and any function.

Eg: If we move our "mouse" from one position to other, then the data in the form of input is sent to the computer unit and processor. Processor processes the information and gives us the result. To know, where we are browsing, there is inbuilt function of mouse, this helps users to know where the mouse cursor is.

Suppose you click on start menu in computer using your mouse, then the information in the form of binary code is sent to the processor. Processor gives the output on the monitor. And, hence we can see our start menu.

- Input units reads the data provided from external environment.

- This data in the form of binary code is sent to the computer unit.

- Computer unit processes the information and provides the necessary output to the user.

ii) Output unit

The output unit is reverse of the input unit. When the processor sends the output to the output unit. Then the output unit converts the information provided by computer system from binary language to humans language. In this process, data is sent in external environment like monitor and sound.

Eg: When input units send the request of opening any webpage to computer system, computer system loads the webpage in memory and it is later provided to output unit. And hence, output unit like monitor can provide us the webpage interface.

- It accepts the information provided by computer system in binary codes.

- But, we humans can't understand that language, So, Output unit converts the information from binary language to Humans language.

- Output unit includes Monitor, Sound system etc.

iii) Storage unit

When the data and instructions are entered in the computer system using input system, the computer stores that data before processing it and giving it to processor. When the computer processes our data and instructions, then it provides this data to the output unit. But, the provided data is also stored in somewhere in the computer system; To perform this all works and functions, Storage unit of a computer system has been designed.

- Storing the data and information in memory provided to output unit as a history.

- Processing the files required to output unit while using programs, applications and games from storage devices.

iv) Central processing unit (CPU)

CPU is the most important component of the computer system. It controls the all internal and external devices and their functions. Parts like motherboard, ram, storage device, processors are present in this CPU. CPU performs all the Arithmetic and Logical operations of computer. In short, The control Unit and the Arithmetic and Logic unit of a computer system joined together is called as "Central Processing Unit".

- Arithmetic logical unit and Logical unit are the important components of this system.

- Architecture of computer is designed in this CPU, such that, only supported devices can perform the operations. Like CPU designed by IBM cannot be used to run Mac OS.

v) Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU)

All calculations, comparisons, processing and tasks are done in ALU. It consists of circuits in which arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication etc are performed. While processing the data, ALU receives the data from the temporary storage. In temporary storage, their is a function called as "register". This register is very high speed memory which controls all the functions and provides the data to the ALU.

- ALU is an important component of CPU.

- ALU receives the data for processing from the temporary storage from the files called as "registers".

- All processing and computations are done by the ALU.

Hardware components:

- Monitor

- Keyboard

- Mouse

- CD ROM

- CPU

- Colling fan

- Mouse pad

- Speaker

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