explain the functions of various endocrine glands in detailed
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They secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. ... The hormones which they produce help to regulate the functions of both cells and tissues throughout the body. the various types of major endocrine glands include: Pituitary gland (Hypophysis)
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We will now look at each of these glands in brief and understand their primary functions.
Pituitary gland (Hypophysis)
The pituitary gland hangs from the base of the brain by a stalk. It is enclosed and also protected by a bone. It consists of a hormone-producing glandular portion and a neural portion.
The pituitary gland is the master gland. This is pea-sized and is located at the bottom of the brain. They control and regulate other glands in the body. Hormones released by this gland are growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and so on.
Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is located in the anterior throat. Thyroid follicles store colloid containing thyroglobulin, a glycoprotein from which thyroid hormone is derived.
Parathyroid glands
The parathyroid glands are located on the back of the thyroid gland. These are primarily responsible for causing an increase in blood calcium levels by targeting bone, the intestine, and the kidneys.
Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys in humans and in front of the kidneys in other animals.
Pancreas
The pancreas is located in the abdomen and is close to the stomach. It is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland.
Gonads
The ovaries of the female which is located in the pelvic cavity release two main hormones. While the testes of the male begin to produce testosterone at puberty in response to Luteinizing hormone.
Pineal gland
The pineal gland is located in the diencephalon. The primary hormone of this gland is melatonin. It influences the daily rhythms and may also have an anti-gonadotropic effect in humans. It also regulates the wake-up and sleep clock and also helps in immunity.