explain the making steps of Indian Constitution (briefly )
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The Constitution of India was formed through a process of formation of constituent assembly which drafted, debated, deliberated, amended and finally formed a final Constitution of India. The process has historical roots in the British administration in India from the Company rule to the Crown rule. It derived many functions of administration and division of power and duties from various Regulating Acts and Government of India Acts passed by the British in India. Eventually, it was drafted under the leadership of Dr. BR Ambedkar, who along with other drafting committee members adopted various practices and methods from other constitutions in the democratic world. The Constitution was adopted finally in Nov. 1949 with the seal of the Constituent assembly of India.
MN Roy’s demand and call for formation of a constituent assembly 1934
Nehru’s call for formation of an independent constituent assembly 1938
Cripps’ mission to establish constituent assembly in India 1942 – rejected by Muslim League which was demanding two nations and a separate constituent assembly
Cabinet Mission sent to India to form constituent assembly 1946 – proposed the formation of constituent assembly in India and structured the division of seats in the assembly to British Provinces (consisting of communal seats among General, Muslims and Sikhs, which were to be elected through a vote in these provinces) and Princely States (members nominated by the head of the respective states)
3. Proportional representation of British provinces and also of the Princely states
Objectives Resolution proposed by Nehru in 1946 in the Constituent assembly which proclaimed India as a sovereign country and draw up for her governance a constitution. – unanimously adopted
Princely states representatives who had stayed away gradually started joining the constituent assembly
Mountbatten Plan proposed for the division of India and Pakistan and adopted by the Muslim League in June 1947
India Independence Act of 1947 also gave power to the constituent assembly to form the constitution
Rajendra Prasad elected President of the Constituent Body (framing of the constitution) and GV Mavlankar the chair of the legislative body (for enacting laws)
The Drafting committee of the Constituent assembly was created to pen down the preamble, basic features and a framework for the governance of the newly formed India and its states.
The Drafting committee considered various aspects of the Indian political, social and economic society in pre and post-independence India
The major features of the Constitution were: Preamble which defined the major driving themes of the constitution and derivation of power of the Indian constitution, formation of bicameral legislatures at the Centre and the States, the Federal structure of the Government of India, the provision of Fundamental Rights and Directives Principles of State Policy, the executive at the centre and the state levels (office of the President, Prime Minister, Governor etc.)
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