Question

Explain the nature of covalent bond using the bond formation in chcl3

Answer 1

Covalent bond:  The bond formed by mutual sharing of valency electrons in order to get stable electronic configuration of nearest inert gas is called covalent bond. Generally this bond is formed between non metals.

Based on type of atoms participated in the bonding, covalent bond is classified into two types. They are (i) polar covalent bonding

(ii) Non-polar covalent bonding

Polar covalent bond: The bond formed between atoms of different electronegativity is called polar covalent bond. Ex: HCl, HF, HBr, H₂O, NH₃…etc

Non –polar covalent bond: the bond formed between atoms of similar electronegativity is called non-polar covalent bond. Ex: H₂, O₂, N₂, Cl₂…etc.

Formation of CHCl₃:  

CHCl₃ molecule is formed by the sharing of electrons between Carbon with one Hydrogen atom and three Chlorine atoms.

It is a polar covalent molecule as there is electronegativity difference between Carbon and chlorine.

Answer 2

|$\large\mathrm\purple{Explanation}$|

Carbon can neither lose 4 electrons nor do gain four electrons as these process make the system unstable due to requirement of extra energy. Therefore CH3Cl completes its octet configuration by sharing its 4 electrons with carbon atoms or with atoms of other elements. Hence the bonding that exists in CH3Cl is a covalent bonding.

Here, carbon requires 4 electrons to complete its octet, while each hydrogen atom requires one electron to complete its duplet. Also, chlorine requires an electron to complete the octet. Therefore, all of these share the electrons and as a result, carbon forms 3 bonds with hydrogen and one with chlorine.