Explain the physical and chemical properties of metal and nonmetal?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Physical properties of metals
Shiny (lustrous) in nature.
Metal is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
Density and melting point is high.
Mouldable (Malleable)
Ductile.
At room temperature, it is in solid form except for mercury.
Opaque.
Chemical Properties of Metals
Some of the chemical properties of metals are listed below.
Easily corrodible
Can lose electrons
Form basic oxides
Have low electronegativities
Good reducing agents
Properties of Non-Metals
Physical Properties of Non-metals
Some of the physical properties of non-metals are listed below.
Poor conductors of electricity and heat
Non-Ductile metals
Brittle solids
Maybe solids, liquids or gases at room temperature
These are not sonorous
Transparent
Chemical Properties of Non-metals
Some of the chemical properties of non-metals are listed below.
The number of electrons in the outer shell is generally 4-8
Easily gain or lose valence electrons
Form acidic oxides whenever they come in contact with oxygen
High electronegative elements
Great oxidizing agents
Nonmetals and metals take different forms (allotropes). They have different shapes and properties. Allotropes are elements that exist in two or more than two different physical forms.
Example 1: A non-metal carbon – two allotropes of carbon are diamond and graphite.
Example 2: A metal such as iron – two allotropes of iron are austenite and ferrite
Physical properties:
Metals :-
1. Metals are malleable means they can be converted in thin sheets using any heavy object like hammer.
2. Metals are good conductor of heat and electricity means Metals allows heat and electricity to pass through them easily.
3. Metals are lustrous means they have shining surface (or we can say they are shiny).
4. Metals are hard.
5. Metals are sonorous means metals produce sound after striking it with any object.
Examples :- Gold, silver, lead, aluminum, iron and copper etc.
Non-Metals :-
1. Non - metals are non malleable means they can't be converted in thin sheets using any heavy object like hammer.
2. Non - metals are poor conductor of heat and electricity means they don't allows heat and electricity to pass through them easily.
3. Non - metals are non - lustrous means they don't have shining surface (or we can say they are non shiny).
4. Non-metals are soft.
5. Non - metals are non sonorous means non-metals do not produce sound after striking it with any object.
Examples :- Carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, oxygen and nitrogen etc.
Chemical properties:
Metals :-
1. Metals form basic oxides. In which metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.
2. Metals displace hydrogen from water, metals react with water to form a metal oxide and Hydrogen gas.
3. Metals displace hydrogen from dilute acids. They react with dilute hydrochloric acid to form metal chlorides and Hydrogen gas.
4. Metals from ionic chlorides with chlorine. They react with chlorine to form ionic chlorides.
5. Metals usually do not combine with Hydrogen. But less reactive metals can be react.
Non-Metals :-
1. Non metals form acidic oxides or neutral oxides. They react with oxygen to form acidic oxides.
2. Non - metals do not react with water. Because non metals can't give electrons to reduce hydrogen ions.
3. Non - metals do not react with dilute acids. because they do not displace hydrogen from acids.
4. Non - metals form covalent chlorides with chlorine. Covalent chlorides are non electrolytes.
5. Non - metals react with Hydrogen to form stable, covalent hydrides.
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