explain the plants and animals cell with diagram in 200and 250 words
Answers
Answer:
hello dear,
Explanation:
plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. ... These structures include: chloroplasts, the cell wall, and vacuoles.
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Answer:
The cell is the basic unit of life in all organisms. Like humans and animals, plants are also composed of several cells. The plant cell is surrounded by a cell wall which is involved in providing shape to the plant cell. Apart from the cell wall, there are other organelles that are associated with different cellular activities.
Let us have a detailed look at the plant cell, its structure, and functions of different plant cell organelles.
Plant Cell Definition
“Plant cells are eukaryotic cells with a true nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out certain specific functions.”
Just like different organs within the body, plant cell structure includes various components known as cell organelles that perform different functions to sustain itself. These organelles include:
Cell Wall
It is a rigid layer which is composed of cellulose, glycoproteins, lignin, pectin, and hemicellulose. It is located outside the cell membrane. It comprises proteins, polysaccharides, and cellulose.
The primary function of the cell wall is to protect and provide structural support to the cell. The plant cell wall is also involved in protecting the cell against mechanical stress and to provide form and structure to the cell. It also filters the molecules passing in and out of the cell.
The formation of the cell wall is guided by microtubules. It consists of three layers, namely, primary, secondary and the middle lamella. The primary cell wall is formed by cellulose laid down by enzymes.
Also Read: Cell Wall
Cell membrane
It is the semi-permeable membrane that is present within the cell wall. It is composed of a thin layer of protein and fat.
The cell membrane plays an important role in regulating the entry and exit of specific substances within the cell.
For instance, cell membrane keeps toxins from entering inside, while nutrients and essential minerals are transported across.
Also Read: Cell Wall and Cell Membrane
Nucleus
The nucleus is a membrane-bound structure that is present only in eukaryotic cells. The vital function of a nucleus is to store DNA or hereditary information required for cell division, metabolism, and growth.
Nucleolus: It manufactures cell’s protein-producing structures and ribosomes.
Nucleopore: Nuclear membrane is perforated with holes called nucleopore that allows proteins and nucleic acids to pass through.
Explore more: The Nucleus
Plastids
They are membrane-bound organelles that have their own DNA. They are necessary to store starch, to carry out the process of photosynthesis. It is also used in the synthesis of many molecules which form the building blocks of the cell. Some of the vital types of plastids and their functions are stated below:
Leucoplasts
They are found in non-photosynthetic tissues of plants. They are used for the storage of protein, lipid, and starch.
Chloroplasts
It is an elongated organelle enclosed by phospholipid membrane. The chloroplast is shaped like a disc and the stroma is the fluid within the chloroplast that comprises a circular DNA. Each chloroplast contains a green coloured pigment called chlorophyll required for the process of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun and uses it to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose.
Also Read: Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
They are heterogeneous, coloured plastid which is responsible for pigment synthesis and for storage in photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Chromoplasts have red, orange and yellow coloured pigments which provide colour to all ripe fruits and flowers.
Central Vacuole
It occupies around 30% of the cell’s volume in a mature plant cell. Tonoplast is a membrane that surrounds central vacuole. The vital function of central vacuole apart from storage is to sustain turgid pressure against the cell wall. The central vacuole consists of cell sap. It is a mixture of salts, enzymes, and other substances.
Also read: Vacuoles
Golgi Apparatus
They are found in all eukaryotic cells which are involved in distributing synthesized macromolecules to various parts of the cell.
Explore more: Golgi Apparatus
Ribosomes
They are the smallest membrane-bound organelles which comprise RNA and protein. They are the sites for protein synthesis, hence, also referred to as the protein factories of the cell.
Explore more: Ribosomes
Mitochondria
They are the double-membraned organelles found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. They provide energy by breaking down carbohydrate and sugar molecules, hence they are also referred to as the “Powerhouse of the cell.”
Explore more: Mitochondria
Lysosome
Lysosomes are called as suicidal bags as they hold digestive enzymes in an enclosed membrane. They perform the function of cellular waste disposal by digesting worn-out organelles, food particles and foreign bodies in the cell..