explain the reaction of various metals with acids with suitable examples
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Reactions of acids and alkalis
Acids
Common acids include:
hydrochloric acid, HCl
sulfuric acid, H2SO4
nitric acid, HNO3
Acids produce hydrogen ions, H+, when they dissolve in water.
Alkalis
Common alkalis include:
sodium hydroxide, NaOH
potassium hydroxide, KOH
calcium hydroxide, CaOH
Alkalis produce hydroxide ions, OH-, when they dissolve in water.
Neutralisation
Alkalis neutralise acids. An indicatoris used to identify the point when neutralisation is reached.
During the reaction, hydrogen ions from the acid react with hydroxide ions from the alkali to form water:
H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l)
Salt formation
When an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide, a salt and water are produced:
acid + metal hydroxide  salt + water
The name of a salt has two parts:
the first part comes from the metal in the metal hydroxide
the second part from the acid used
Potassium hydroxidePotassium chloridePotassium sulfatePotassium nitrateSodium hydroxideSodium chlorideSodium sulfateSodium nitrateCalcium hydroxideCalcium chlorideCalcium sulfateCalcium nitrate
Acids
Common acids include:
hydrochloric acid, HCl
sulfuric acid, H2SO4
nitric acid, HNO3
Acids produce hydrogen ions, H+, when they dissolve in water.
Alkalis
Common alkalis include:
sodium hydroxide, NaOH
potassium hydroxide, KOH
calcium hydroxide, CaOH
Alkalis produce hydroxide ions, OH-, when they dissolve in water.
Neutralisation
Alkalis neutralise acids. An indicatoris used to identify the point when neutralisation is reached.
During the reaction, hydrogen ions from the acid react with hydroxide ions from the alkali to form water:
H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l)
Salt formation
When an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide, a salt and water are produced:
acid + metal hydroxide  salt + water
The name of a salt has two parts:
the first part comes from the metal in the metal hydroxide
the second part from the acid used
Potassium hydroxidePotassium chloridePotassium sulfatePotassium nitrateSodium hydroxideSodium chlorideSodium sulfateSodium nitrateCalcium hydroxideCalcium chlorideCalcium sulfateCalcium nitrate
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