Explain the role of artillery and ventricle in our heart.
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The heart is a component of the cardiovascular system that helps circulate blood to the organs, tissues, and cells of the body. Blood travels through blood vessels and is circulated along pulmonary and systemic circuits. The heart is divided into four chambers that are connected by heart valves. These valves prevent the backward flow of blood and keep it moving in the right direction.
The lower two chambers of the heart are called heart ventricles. A ventricle is a cavity or chamber that can be filled with fluid, such as the cerebral ventricles. The heart ventricles are separated by a septum into the left ventricle and the right ventricle. The upper two heart chambers are called atria. Atria receive blood returning to the heart from the body and ventricles pump blood from the heart to the body.
The heart has a three-layered heart wall composed of connective tissue, endothelium, and cardiac muscle. It is the muscular middle layer known as myocardium that enables the heart to contract. Due to the force needed to pump blood to the body, ventricles have thicker walls than do atria. The left ventricle wall is the thickest of the heart walls.
Function
The ventricles of the heart function to pump blood to the entire body. During the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle, the atria and ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with blood. During the systole phase, the ventricles contract pumping blood to the major arteries (pulmonary and aorta). The heart valves open and close to direct the flow of blood between the heart chambers and between the ventricles and major arteries. Papillary muscles in the ventricle walls control the opening and closing of the tricuspid valve and mitral valve.
Right ventricle: Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the main pulmonary artery. Blood passes from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Blood is then forced into the main pulmonary artery as the ventricles contract and the pulmonary valve opens. The pulmonary artery extends from the right ventricle and branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries. These arteries extend to the lungs. Here, oxygen-poor blood picks up oxygen and is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins.
Left ventricle: Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it to the aorta. Blood returning to the heart from the lungs enters the left atrium and passes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Blood in the left ventricle is then pumped to the aorta as the ventricles contract and the aortic valve opens. The aorta carries and distributes oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.
ARTERIES
The arteries are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. Each artery is a muscular tube lined by smooth tissue and has three layers:
- The intima, the inner layer lined by a smooth tissue called endothelium
- The media, a layer of muscle that lets arteries handle the high pressures from the heart
- The adventitia, connective tissue anchoring arteries to nearby tissues
The largest artery is the aorta, the main high-pressure pipeline connected to the heart's left ventricle. The aorta branches into a network of smaller arteries that extend throughout the body. The arteries' smaller branches are called arterioles and capillaries. The pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs under low pressure, making these arteries unique.
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VENTRICLE
A ventricle is one of two large chambers in the heart that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The atrium (an adjacent/upper heart chamber that is smaller than a ventricle) primes the pump. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).
In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.