explain the role of horticulture and Flori culture in India
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Answer:
Horticulture crops perform a vital role in the Indian economy by generating employment, providing raw material to various food processing industries, and higher farm profitability due to higher production and export earnings from foreign exchange.
Flori culture
They are used on all religious festival occasions. Flowers are given as a birthday presents, wedding gifts or while meeting sick people and even at funerals. Most Hindu ladies adhere their; hair style with flowers i.e. Gajara and Veni and it is one of the important floral ornament which will and grace to their beauty.
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Horticulture, literally garden culture, is a part of crop agriculture that also includes agronomy and forestry. By tradition, horticulture deals with garden crops such as fruits, nuts, vegetables, culinary herbs and spices, beverage crops, and medicinals, as well as ornamental plants......
In India, floriculture is emerging as an important commercial crop. A lot of importance has been given to this sector due to its multiple uses, satisfying the aesthetic needs of the people, creating more employment, ensuring higher rate of returns to rural people and facilitating earning more foreign exchange. More specifically, they are being used as raw materials in the manufacture of essence, perfumes, medicines and confectioneries for direct consumption by the society.
The production of flowers is an age-old occupation. Until last decade, the growing and selling of flowers was confined to a few families. They grew a variety of flowers on the same land which were sold close to the house, as they could not survive a long journey. The situation in the last decade has however, changed. Now, different farmers are growing different flowers both for domestic market and export purposes. The flowers were, until 1960s, confined to domestic markets. These flowers are now moving long distances due to the availability of airfreight and hi-tech cooling systems.
The economic reforms and liberalisation policies introduced from 1991 and modified EXIM policies of 1995-96 and 1999-2002 have given fillip to floriculture sector. After liberalization, the Government of India identified floriculture industry as a sunrise industry and accorded it 100 per cent export-oriented status. Later, many writer shave termed this industry as “Rosy Business sector”, “a Global Concern”, “Blossoming Industry”, “Thrust Area”, “Money Spinning”, “Lucrative export-oriented sector” etc.
Definition of Floriculture Industry
The floriculture industry involves the cultivation and distribution of bulbs, cut flowers, foliage and plants to both local and international markets. According to the Harmonized Code System, floricultural products are classified under the code 06 (live trees and other plants). In this context, it appropriate to understand the international and national scenario of the floriculture industry.
The International Floriculture Industry
The Netherlands is the centre around which the international floriculture trade revolves. It is the largest exporter of floricultural products. Due to the high concentrations of supply and demand in the Netherlands, the prices of floricultural products are set here (CBI, 2003a).
The two market surveys of the Centre for the Promotion of Imports from Developing Countries’ – one on cut flowers and foliage (2003a) and the other on plants and young plant material (2003b) – provide the most comprehensive information of the international floriculture.
The global floriculture industry has many active participants in all of the continents. The number of participants, in both developed and developing countries is increasing continuously. World exports and imports of floricultural products both exceed US$9 billion, where Europe is both the largest importer and exporter of floricultural products (Pathfast Publishing, 2004; Van Liemt 1999: 7; ITC Calculations based on COMTRADE statistics).
International trade in this industry is complex, as there are many factors that influence exports (CBI, 2003a). These factors include the demands of different types of markets (The Kaiser Study, 2000: 20)138, requirements (e.g. quality standards) set by governments and international buyers (CBI, 2003a & 2003b), shorter life cycles of the leading varieties of floricultural products (Thoen, Jaffee, Dolan & Ba, 2000), changes in consumer demands (Flower Council of Holland, 2004) and trends in fashion and consumption (CBI, 2003a; Flower Council of Holland, 2004).
In essence, the international floriculture industry can be described as an industry that is continuously changing. Therefore it is necessary that the exporters be successfully integrated into the global floriculture market, as it determines the degree of their competitiveness.
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