Question

explain the theory of fractional distillation and liquid pairs of type-1,solution of type-2,solution of type 3

Answer 1

to separate the mixture of two or more miscible liquids for which the difference in boiling point is less than 25 Kelvin , fractional distillation process is used , for example , for the separation of different gases from air , different fractions from petroleum products etc.
the Apparatus is similar to that for simple distillation , except that of fractionating column is fitted in between the distillation flask and the condenser .
a simple fractionating column is a tube paint with glass beads . the beads provide services for the supposed to cool and condense repeatedly .
petroleum aur crude oil is a complex mixture of solid liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons .
It is separated into useful substances through a process called refining of petroleum which is nothing but fractional distillation.
In this process , petroleum is heated to 400°C and introduced in a fractionating column, which is a tall , cylindrical structure fitted with horizontal trays. As the vapours of petroleum rise inside the fractionating column, they cool and condense at different heights, depending on their boiling points , and are collected in different trays.
1 Petroleum gas at 40°
2 Petrol at 170°
3 Kerosene at 250°
4 Diesel at 350°
5 Foel oil at 400°