Question

explain the type of respiration seen in higher organisms why is the type of respiration respiration essential in this organism

Answer 1

Respiration is the biochemical process in which the cells of an organism obtain energy by combining oxygen and glucose, resulting in ...

Answer 2

Answer:

Two processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose breakdown pathways that occur when normal, oxygen-using (aerobic) cellular respiration is not possible—that is, when oxygen isn't around to act as an acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain. These fermentation pathways consist of glycolysis with some extra reactions tacked on at the end. In yeast, the extra reactions make alcohol, while in your muscles, they make lactic acid.

Fermentation is a widespread pathway, but it is not the only way to get energy from fuels anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen). Some living systems instead use an inorganic molecule other than \text {O}_2O2​O, start subscript, 2, end subscript, such as sulfate, as a final electron acceptor for an electron transport chain. This process, called anaerobic cellular respiration, is performed by some bacteria and archaea.

In this article, we'll take a closer look at anaerobic cellular respiration and at the different types of fermentation.

Anaerobic cellular respiration

Anaerobic cellular respiration is similar to aerobic cellular respiration in those electrons extracted from a fuel molecule is passed through an electron transport chain, driving \text{ATP}ATPA, T, P synthesis. Some organisms use sulfate (\text {SO}_4^{2-})(SO42−​)left parenthesis, S, O, start subscript, 4, end subscript, start superscript, 2, minus, end superscript, right parenthesis as the final electron acceptor at the end of the transport chain, while others use nitrate(\text {NO}_{3}^-)(NO3−​)left parenthesis, N, O, start subscript, 3, end subscript, start superscript, minus, end superscript, right parenthesis, sulfur, or one of a variety of another molecules^11start superscript, 1, end superscript.

What kinds of organisms use anaerobic cellular respiration? Some prokaryotes—bacteria and archaea—that live in low-oxygen environments rely on anaerobic respiration to break down fuels. For example, some archaea called methanogens can use carbon dioxide as a terminal electron acceptor, producing methane as a by-product. Methanogens are found in soil and in the digestive systems of ruminants, a group of animals including cows and sheep.

Similarly, sulfate-reducing bacteria and Archaea use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor, producing hydrogen sulfide(\text H_2\text S)(H2​S)left parenthesis, H, start subscript, 2, end subscript, S, right parenthesis as a byproduct. The image below is an aerial photograph of coastal waters, and the green patches indicate an overgrowth of sulfate-reducing bacteria .

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Explanation: