explain the types of hybrdization
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Answer:
Explanation:
Types of Hybridization
Based on the types of orbitals involved in mixing, the hybridization can be classified as sp3, sp2, sp, sp3d, sp3d2, sp3d3. Let us now discuss the various types of hybridization along with their examples.
sp Hybridization
sp hybridization is observed when one s and one p orbital in the same main shell of an atom mix to form two new equivalent orbitals. The new orbitals formed are called sp hybridized orbitals. It forms linear molecules with an angle of 180°
This type of hybridization involves the mixing of one ‘s’ orbital and one ‘p’ orbital of equal energy to give a new hybrid orbital known as an sp hybridized orbital.
sp hybridization is also called diagonal hybridization.
Each sp hybridized orbital has an equal amount of s and p character, i.e., 50% s and p character.
sp Hybridization
Examples of sp Hybridization:
All compounds of beryllium like BeF2, BeH2, BeCl2
All compounds of carbon-containing triple Bond like C2H2.
sp2 Hybridization
sp2 hybridisation is observed when one s and two p orbitals of the same shell of an atom mix to form 3 equivalent orbital. The new orbitals formed are called sp2 hybrid orbitals.
sp2 hybridization is also called trigonal hybridization.
It involves mixing of one ‘s’ orbital and two ‘p’ orbital’s of equal energy to give a new hybrid orbital known as sp2.
A mixture of s and p orbital formed in trigonal symmetry and is maintained at 1200.
All the three hybrid orbitals remain in one plane and make an angle of 120° with one another. Each of the hybrid orbitals formed has 33.33% s character and 66.66% ‘p’ character.
The molecules in which the central atom is linked to 3 atoms and is sp2 hybridized have a triangular planar shape.
sp2 Hybridization