Explain the types of Industrial unemployment in India of std11 commerce
Answers
Types of Industrial unemployment in India are :
1. EDUCATED UNEMPLOYMENT
If a person has received education and is unemployed, he is called an educated unemployed. Educational opportunities have increased but the employment opportunities have decreased due to the following reasons:
1. Low economic development
2. Bookish and unskilled education
3. Defective education system
2. INDUSTRIAL UNEMPLOYMENT
If a person has to remain unemployed for a given period due to the changes in industrial sector, such a condition is called industrial unemployment. For example, the people who migrate from rural area, in search of employment, are semi-literate and have no special training and skill. Such people get employment only after acquiring training and skill. During this period, they remain unemployed. Similarly, due to decrease in production, fall in demand, power cut, cut in exports, scarcity of raw material, changes in technology, there may be unemployment. This is also called industrial unemployment.
3. DISGUISED UNEMPLOYMENT
Sometimes, more than the required number of workers are involved in an occupation. This situation is called disguised unemployment. Even if a few labourers are removed from work, no decrease is recorded in total production. Disguised unemployment is true of agriculture in India. Increase in population in rural areas in surplus labour available in agriculture sector. Hence, disguised unemployment is found in this sector
4. SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT
India is an agrarian country. According to 2001 census, 72.2% population lives in villages. Out of the total population, 62% depend on agriculture. People get employment in agriculture for only 7 to 9 months due to insufficient facilities of irrigation and irregular rains. During the remaining period, in the absence of alternative occupations and employment, they have to face forced unemployment for nearly 3 to 5 months. Such unemployment is called seasonal unemployment.
5. STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT
Structural unemployment refers to a mismatch between the jobs available and the skill levels of the unemployed. It occurs when an underlying shift in the economy makes it difficult for some groups to find jobs. It is harder to correct than other types of unemployment.
6. FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT
Frictional unemployment is when workers leave their old jobs but haven't yet found new ones. Frictional unemployment is short-term and a natural part of the job search process.
7. CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT
Cyclical unemployment is caused by the contraction phase of the business cycle. When demand for goods and services fall businesses lay off large number of workers to cut costs. Cyclical unemployment tends to create more unemployment. This is because the laid-off workers have less money to buy the things.