explain the unification of italy and germany and britain
Answers
Answer:
1815-1871 unification of Italy
Germany – can the Army be the Architect of a National
After 1848, nationalism in Europe moved away from its association with democracy and revolution.
This can be observed in the process by which Germany and Italy came to be unified as nation-states.
Nationalist feelings were widespread among middle-class Germans.
This liberal initiative to nation-building was, however, repressed by the combined forces of the monarchy and the military, supported by the large landowners of Prussia.
Prussia took on the leadership of the movement.
Three wars overseen years-with Austria, Denmark, and France-ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification.
The nation-building process in Germany had demonstrated the dominance of Prussian state power.
The new state placed a strong emphasis on modernising the currency, banking, legal and judicial systems in Germany.
Italy Unified
Like Germany, Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation.
Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multi-national Habsburg Empire.
Italy was divided into seven states.
Italian language had not acquired one common form and still had many regional and local variations.
Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic.
Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals.
The failure of revolutionary uprising both in 1831 and 1848 meant that the mantle now fell on Sadinia-Piedmont under its ruler King Victor Emmanuel II to unify the Italian states through war.
Italy offered them the possibility of economic development and political dominance.
Italy was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.
Italian population, among whom rates of illiteracy were high, remained blissfully unaware of liberal-nationalist ideology.
The strange case of Britain
The model of the nation or the nation-state, some scholars have argued, is Great Britain.
It was the result of a long-drawn-out process.
There was no British nation prior to the eighteenth century.
‘United Kingdom of great Britain’ meant, in effect, that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland.
The British parliament was henceforth dominated by its English members.
Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801.
British flag, the national anthem, the English language – were actively promoted and the older nations survived only as subordinate partners on this union.