explain the unification of Italy, Germany, England
Answers
German Unification (1850-1871)
Summary
Whereas Camillo di Cavour directed Italian unification, a Junker (the Prussian name for an aristocratic landowner from old Prussia in the east) named Otto von Bismarck pushed German unification through "blood and iron" and skillful understanding of realpolitik. As the map of central Europe stood in 1850, Prussia competed with Austria for dominance over a series of small principalities fiercely keen on maintaining their independence and distinctive characteristics. Prussia proper stretched from modern-day Lithuania to central Germany. Prussia also controlled the German lands around the Rhine River in the west. In between, from Denmark to Switzerland, lay small provinces that Bismarck needed to incorporate under the Prussian crown to create a viable German Empire.
Italian Unification (1848-1870)
Summary
The movement to unite Italy into one cultural and political entity was known as the Risorgimento (literally, "resurgence"). Giuseppe Mazzini and his leading pupil, Giuseppe Garibaldi, failed in their attempt to create an Italy united by democracy. Garibaldi, supported by his legion of Red Shirts-- mostly young Italian democrats who used the 1848 revolutions as a opportunity for democratic uprising--failed in the face of the resurgence of conservative power in Europe. However, it was the aristocratic politician named Camillo di Cavour who finally, using the tools of realpolitik, united Italy under the crown of Sardinia.
.... Britain(England)..........
The process of unification of Britain:
1. Before the eighteenth century, there were different ethnic identities with its own culture and politics-English, Welsh, Scot, and Irish.
2. As the English nation's wealth and power increased, its influence over other island nations also increased.
3. English Parliament had taken the power from the monarchy in 1688 after a long conflict. It became an instrument in building the nation-state of Britain, with England at its center.
4. United Kingdom of Britain was established through the Act of Union in 1707 between England and Scotland.
5. Scotland eventually got suppressed by the English politically and culturally as the British Parliament was dominated by the English.
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