Question

Explain the way nervous system helps to coordinate complex and intricate movements of hand to play a piano, or
write alphabets

Answer 1

The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. The nervous system detects environmental changes that impact the body, then works in tandem with the endocrine system to respond to such events.[1] Nervous tissue first arose in wormlike organisms about 550 to 600 million years ago. In vertebrates it consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brainand spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or axons, that connect the CNS to every other part of the body. Nerves that transmit signals from the brain are called motor or efferent nerves, while those nerves that transmit information from the body to the CNS are called sensory or afferent. Spinal nerves serve both functions and are called mixed nerves. The PNS is divided into three separate subsystems, the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Somatic nerves mediate voluntary movement. The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system is activated in cases of emergencies to mobilize energy, while the parasympathetic nervous system is activated when organisms are in a relaxed state. The enteric nervous system functions to control the gastrointestinal system. Both autonomic and enteric nervous systems function involuntarily. Nerves that exit from the cranium are called cranial nerves while those exiting from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves.

Answer 2

 unconscious learning is learning to play an instrument such as the guitar or piano, at least as concerns the motor components. Repetition allows the development of finely tuned motor patterns that can be recalled without conscious thought. Learning of the motor components also occurs without much conscious control, although certainly there is conscious involvement when the initial motor patterns are beginning to be laid down. Even in this case, though, one does not consciously work out the pattern of firing of individual muscles—indeed we by-and-large don’t have very much control over the contraction of single muscles and are not really conscious of them as single units. When we learn to play an instrument, a multitude of complex muscle contractions and hand movements are taking place completely below the level of conscious thought.

While complex unconscious processes go into the initial establishment of learned motor patterns, in some cases such as speech and walking, there is probably also a complicated interaction of developmental processes with signals generated in response to environmental stimuli. As mentioned above, in the early stages of many types of motor learning there is conscious involvement, the need for which disappears over time as part of the learning process. The circuitry and cellular mechanisms underlying motor learning are quite complex, involving the motor cortex, basal ganglia including the neostriatum, and cerebellum.

The site of memory storage for most types of motor memory involve or have access to the principal circuits which mediate the behavioral motor pattern, such as the motor cortex, basal ganglia, and spinal cord motor neurons.