Explain the working of rural government
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A rural area is an area that is located outside towns and cities. In India, a majority of people live in rural areas. Rural people are mainly dependent on agriculture for their living. Yet, the share of agriculture in GDP is low which in turn is affecting the economic growth of our country. A low contribution of agriculture to GDP tells us that the income of farmers is low and this is preventing them from fulfilling their basic needs like food, water, education, healthcare, and proper housing. So, the real progress of India is possible only when rural areas and rural people are developed.
Rural Development refers to a continuous and comprehensive socio-economic process, which attempts to improve all aspects of rural life.
The process of Rural Development takes place in the following ways:
Development of rural people- this can be achieved by providing them free education and also provide them free healthcare services.
Development of Infrastructure- this requires improvement in electricity, irrigation, loans, and transport facilities
Land Reforms: In this, there should be a complete elimination of exploitation of tenants by landlords and lands should be given to the tillers to encourage them to invest in their land and increase the production of food grains
Eradication of Poverty: This requires taking steps to improve living conditions of weaker sections
To achieve Rural Development, the followings steps should be taken:
1. Credit (loan) facilities should be increased- Farmers very much require loans because farming is a long term process. There is a huge time gap between the sowing of seeds and the realization of income. They need money to meet initial investments on seeds, fertilizers, agricultural implements, and other family expenses like marriage and religious ceremonies, death rituals, etc. Therefore, farmers end up borrowing loans from rich landlords, traders, relatives, and moneylenders. These sources of credit are called Unorganised or Non- Institutional Sources of credit. Moreover, these people exploit the farmers by charging them huge interest on the loan. Then the farmers again take another loan to return the previous loan. Thus, fall into a debt- trap. So, it is necessary to set up banks which are called Organised or Institutional Sources of credit. Banks charge a very low-interest rate on loans and help in improving rural life.
2. Introduction of Non- Farming Activities- It is important to diversify the agricultural sector to create more employment opportunities and also act as a regular source of income for farmers. Non-farming activities include Animal Husbandry, Dairying, Horticulture, Fisheries, and Information Technology. Even women can participate in such activities and earn for their families.
3. Organic Farming- a sustainable form of farming: It is a form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as green manure, crop rotation, compost, and biological pest control. This type of farming process ensures the production of safe and healthy food, without leaving any adverse impact on the environment. It helps in maintaining ecological balance and ensures food safety. Therefore, it is called a sustainable form of farming.
Hence, the need of the hour is to stress on diversification of agriculture, encourage women to participate in non- farming activities. The Government should ensure that the basic needs of the rural people especially, the poor are fulfilled. The availability of credit facilities in rural areas should be made easier and should be farmer-friendly.
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