Question

Explain three extraodinary ways of waterharvesting in early times

Answer 1

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Ancient methods of Water Harvesting:

Johads- These were small earthern check dams that helped to capture and conserve water. These were very common in Rajasthan.

Boari- these were community well and teh water stored in them was mostly used for drinking purpose.

Jhalaras- man-made tanks.Water Temples or Step WellsKunds- covered underground tanksKuls in Haimachal Pradesh- Thse are channeles that carry water from the glaciers to the villages

Answer 2

Jhalaras are typically rectangular-shaped stepwells that have tiered steps on three or four sides. These stepwells collect the subterranean seepage of an upstream reservoir or a lake. Jhalaras were built to ensure easy and regular supply of water for religious rites, royal ceremonies and community use. The city of Jodhpur has eight jhalaras, the oldest being the Mahamandir Jhalara that dates back to 1660 AD.

Talabs are reservoirs that store water for household consumption and drinking purposes. They may be natural, such as the pokhariyan ponds at Tikamgarh in the Bundelkhand region or man made, such as the lakes of Udaipur. A reservoir with an area less than five bighas is called a talai, a medium sized lake is called a bandhi  and bigger lakes are called sagar or samand.

Bawaris are unique stepwells that were once a part of the ancient networks of water storage in the cities of Rajasthan. The little rain that the region received would be diverted to man-made tanks through canals built on the hilly outskirts of cities. The water would then percolate into the ground, raising the water table and recharging a deep and  intricate network of aquifers. To minimise water loss through evaporation, a series of layered steps were built around the reservoirs to narrow and deepen the wells.